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HARVARD 



EXAMINATION PAPERS 



COLLECTED AND ARRANGED 



R. FT LEIGHTON, A.M., 

MASTER MELBOSE HIGH SCHOOL. 



SEVENTH EDITION. 



BOSTON: 
GINN AND HEATH. 

1879. 



vl: 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, 

BY R. F. I tilGHTON, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Exchange 

Univ. of Mich. 

AUG 8 ~ 1933 



University Press: John Wilson & Son, 
Cambridge. 



PEEFAOE. 



The following questions make a complete set of the 
Examination Papers (except on the subject of Geometry) 
which have been used for admission to Harvard College 
since 1860. No papers on Geometry are given previous 
to 1866, as the requisites for admission to that department 
were changed in that year. The papers on Trigonometry 
previous to 1871 are for examination for advanced stand- 
ing ; since then, for admission to Course II. 

These papers will furnish an excellent series of ques- 
tions on Modern, Physical, and Ancient Geography ; Gre- 
cian and Eoman History ; Arithmetic and Algebra ; Plane 
and Solid Geometry ; Logarithms and Trigonometry ; Latin 
and Greek Grammar and Composition ; Physics and Me- 
chanics. They have been collected and published in this 
form for the convenience of teachers and classes in high 
schools, and especially for pupils preparing for college. 

The papers for admission used hereafter, at the annual 
examinations in June and September, will be added every 
year to this volume. 

Melrose, Mass., March, 1873. 



NOTE. 

In the Harvard University Catalogue, published by C. W. 
Sever, Cambridge, a full collection of examination papers may 
be found, comprising not only the papers set for Admission to 
College, but also nearly all the final examination papers given 
in the several Courses of Instruction in the College, the papers 
given in the Divinity, Law, and Medical Schools, those set for 
Admission to the Lawrence Scientific School, and those used at 
the Preliminary Examinations for "Women. These make about 
160 pages of close type each year. The price of the Catalogue 
is, in paper 50 cts., in cloth 75 cts. 



CONTENTS. 



hlstoey and geography ........ 3 

Modern and Physical Geography. 22, 196, 216, 251, 258, 282, 308 
Greek Composition . . . .27, 197, 219, 246, 259, 283 

Greek Grammar . . . .40, 199, 219, 245, 260, 284, 311 

Greek Prose 197, 220, 247, 261, 285, 312 

Greek Poetry 198, 222, 263, 287, 315 

Latin Composition ... 63, 201, 223, 238, 265, 289, 317 

Latin Grammar .... 85, 202, 224, 237, 265, 289, 318 
Latin ........ 203-207, 225, 228, 239 

French 109, 252, 279, 303, 329 

German 304, 330 

Arithmetic Ill, 208, 229, 248, 272, 297, 323 

Algebra 134, 209, 230, 249, 273, 298, 324 

Advanced Algebra 157, 210, 256, 274, 299, 325 

Plane Geometry . . . 162, 211, 214, 232, 250, 274, 300, 326 
Solid Geometry .... 172, 212, 232, 255, 275, 300, 326 
Analytic Geometry . . . 176, 213, 233, 254, 276, 301, 327 
Logarithms and Trigonometry .... 178, 208, 229, 302 

Physics 188, 307, 331, 332 

Chemistry and Physics 306, 331 

Physics and Astronomy 307, 332 

Mechanics 190 

Ancient History and Geography . . 195, 216, 257, 281, 308 

English Composition 215, 235, 278, 302, 329 

Plane Trigonometry 234, 253, 277, 328 

Botany 279, 307, 332 



APPENDIX. 

Requisites for Admission to Harvard College . . 397 






EXAMINATION PAPEBS. 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Mention the principal nations that flourished before 
the Greeks. 2. What was the extent of Greece as com- 
pared with the territories of those nations ? 3. What were 
the earliest governments among the Greeks ? Mention the 
other forms of government which were afterwards adopted. 

4. Mention the principal periods in Grecian history. 

5. Give some account of Lycurgus; of Solon. 6. Men- 
tion the principal events in the Persian wars ; mention 
some of the most distinguished persons engaged in them. 
7. What causes led to the Peloponnesian War ? Mention 
the principal events ; the principal persons ; the duration ; 
the result of this war. 8. State what you know of the 
condition of Greece in the period following the Pelopon- 
nesian War. 9. State what you know of the history of 
Thebes. 10. State briefly what you know of the relations 
between Macedonia and Grecee in the time of Philip and 
Alexander. 11. When, and by whom, was Greece sub- 
jected to Eome ? 12. Give some account of the foundation 
of Eome, and its first form of government. 13. What revo- 
lution put an end to the first government ? and what gov- 
ernment succeeded it ? 14 Mention some of the early 



4 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Italian conquests of the Eomans. 15. State some of the 
principal events in the Punic wars, and what was their 
conclusion. 16. State what you know of Catiline; at what 
period he lived ; what political transactions he was engaged 
in ; who were his most distinguished contemporaries ; what 
became of him. 17. Give some account of the leaders in 
the Civil Wars. 18. Mention the circumstances of the death 
of Julius Caesar. 19. What events followed his death ? 
How, and by whom, were the civil conflicts composed ? 

II. 

1. Name the following persons in proper historical order 
and mention something that is recorded of each : Codrus, 
Flaminius, Lysander, Mardonius, Marius, Pyrrhus, Eegulus, 
Socrates, Themistocles. 2. State briefly the origin of the 
First Punic War. 3. Give some account of Pericles, and 
what he did for Athens. 4. What famous battles were 
fought in Bceotia ? 5. Give some account of Hannibal. 
6. Who was Cleopatra ? 7. Describe the battle of Pharsa- 
lia ? 8. Name the first six Csesars. 9. What is meant by 
the Heroic Age ? 

III. 

1. Name the following persons in proper historical order, 
mentioning to what nation each belonged, and for what he 
was noted : Aristides, Cincinnatus, Draco, Epaminondas, 
Fabius, Pericles, Pompey, Solon, Sylla, Trajan. 2. Name 
the three persons whom you consider most noted in Gre- 
cian history ; and state very briefly what each did. 3. 
Three in Eoman history, in like manner. 4. What was 
he occasion of the First Persian War ? 5. Describe the 
battle of Marathon ; of Arbela. 6. Who were the kings 
of Eome ? 7. State all you know of Jugurtha. 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 5 

IV. 

1. Give an account of the first invasion of Greece by the 
Persians. Tell when it occurred, what was the cause of 
it, what forces were employed, both of ships and men, 
what generals were engaged, and every other particular 
you remember. 2. Describe the Second Punic War in the 
same way. 3. Name " the twelve Caesars " in the order of 
their reigns. 4. In what year was Julius assassinated ? 
5. When did Constantine become emperor ? 



1. What were the principal countries known to the an- 
cients ? 2. Describe the situation of Palestine ; of Phoeni- 
cia ; of Egypt. 3. What were the principal divisions of 
Asia Minor ? By whom was Asia Minor colonized ? 4. De- 
scribe the situation of Greece ; mention some of the most 
important mountains, rivers, plains, gulfs, seas. 5. Men- 
tion the principal divisions of Greece ; give the names and 
situation of the most celebrated cities. 6. What countries 
were comprised in Greece proper ? in Peloponnesus ? 
What were the principal Greek islands ? 7. Describe the 
situation of Italy. What countries were comprised in 
Italy proper ? 8. Where was Kome ? on what hills was it 
built ? Mention some of the other principal cities of Italy ; 
the principal islands. 9. Describe the Mediterranean Sea ; 
its shape ; its extent. Mention the principal ancient na- 
tions that inhabited its shores. 

VI. 

1. Describe Sicily. 2. What were the principal cities 
of Greece ? 3. What countries in Africa ? 4. What riv- 
ers in Cisalpine Gaul ? 5. Where was Illyrioum ? Area- 



G EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

dia ? the river Thermodon ? 6. Draw, on half a page, an 
outline map of Greece, Macedonia, Thrace, and Asia Minor, 
especially of their sea-coasts ; or, if you cannot draw, name 
the seas of the ancient world, and all the islands in each 
of them. 

VII. 

1. Describe Egypt. 2. What were the principal cities 
of Asia Minor, and for what was each noted ? 3. What 
mountains in and around Thessaly ? What in Peloponne- 
sus ? 4 Where was Colchis ? Mount Ararat ? the river 
Strymon ? Tyre ? 5. Draw an outline of the coasts of the 
Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, with the principal isl- 
ands ; and give the ancient names of the countries and 
rivers in the regions now occupied by Italy, Spain and 
Portugal, France, and Great Britain. 

VIII. 

1. Where was Colchis ? 2. Name the countries of Greece 
proper. 3. What mountains in Boeotia ? 4 What was 
its capital ? 5. What other noted places in Boeotia ? 6. 
Draw a map about two inches in breadth representing the 
Peloponnesus, with the divisions and cities marked. 7. De- 
scribe Spain. 8. What was the former name of Saragossa ? 

9. What river between Italy proper and Cisalpine Gaul ? 

10. What Koman roads do you remember ? 

IX. 

1. What mountain ranges enclose the Mississippi Val- 
ley ? Describe the Mississippi Eiver and its tributaries, 
giving the source and direction of each. 2. Describe 
Chesapeake Bay and the rivers which run into it. 3. De- 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 7 

scribe the Alps. Give the name, course, and exit of each 
of the great rivers which rise in them. 4. State the 
divisions, in the order of their situation, belonging to the 
Peloponnesus, with the position of five principal towns. 
5. Give the history and geography of the battle of Mara- 
thon. 6. Who was (or were) victorious, and over whom, 
at (1) Salamis ; (2) Plataea ; (3) Mantinea ; (4) Chaeronea ; 

(5) Arbela ; (6) the Caudine Porks ; (7) Zama ; (8) Acti- 
um ? 7. Name the principal events in the life of Julius 
Caesar, and such dates as you can call to mind. 8. Name 
the Twelve Caesars, so called. Also the Five Good Empe- 
rors, sometimes so called. 9. Themistocles. 10. Describe 
the administration and policy of Pericles. 11. Give an 
account of the Athenian expedition to Sicily. 

X. 

1. Athens and Sparta ; compare and contrast them. 2. 
The death of Socrates. 3. Give the position of the follow- 
ing places, and tell what has made them famous : (1) Mara- 
thon ; (2) Salamis; (3) Plataea; (4) Mantinea; (5) Arbela; 

(6) Chaeronea ; (7) Pydna. 4. Who gained and who lost the 
battles fought at the following places : (1) Cannae ? (2) Zama ? 
(3) Pharsalia ? (4) Philippi ? (5) Actium ? 5. Greenwich 
is in longitude 0°, and in north latitude 51 J° : what are the 
longitude and latitude of the spot on the earth's surface 
opposite, or antipodal, to Greenwich ? 6. Describe or bound 
the basin of the Mississippi Eiver. 7. The institutions 
of Lycurgus and the laws of Solon. 8. The chief ties 
which bound together the Grecian world. 9. Epaminondas. 
10. Give the chief rivers of France, with their ancient 
Barnes. 



8 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XI 

1. Give the general course of (1) the Nile ; (2) the 
Rhine ; (3) the Danube ; (4) the Elbe ; (5) the Volga ; (6) 
the St. Lawrence ; (7) the Susquehanna ; (8) the Amazon. 
2. (1) What number of degrees represent the greatest pos- 
sible latitude ? (2) The greatest possible longitude ? (3) 
Except at the equator, which is the greater, a degree of lati- 
tude or a degree of longitude ? (4) Give, in degrees, the 
width of the torrid zone. (5) Which way from the north 
pole are London and New York? (6) What island near 
Africa is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn ? 3. Which 
of the Mediterranean islands preserve substantially their 
ancient names ? 4. What are the modern names of (1) 
Lugdunum? (2) Massilia ? (3) Eboracum ? (4) Eubcea ? 
(5) Corcyra ? (6) the Sequana ? (7) the Iberus ? (8) the Padus ? 
5. (1) Plataea; (2) Sphacteria; (3) Syracuse; (4) JEgos- 
potami : give the geographical situation of these places, and 
say (in a sentence or two for each) what occurred there in the 
Peloponnesian War. 6. Where, and over whom, did Alex- 
ander the Great gain his greatest victories, and what were 
the general results of his conquests ? 7. Which took place 
first, (1) the fall of Carthage or the captivity of Jugurtha ? 
(2) the battle of Actium or the battle of Philippi ? (3) 
the death of Pompey or the death of Caesar ? (4) the death 
of Antony or the death of Cicero ? (5) the fall of Corinth 
or the fall of Jerusalem ? 8. Describe the city of Athens. 
9. Contrast the empire, government, and policy of Athens 
with those of Sparta, giving such instances and illustrations 
as may occur to you. 

XII. 

1. (1) What are the principal river basins of France ? 
(2) Give the general course of the rivers. (3) Through 



HISTOEY AND GEOGRAPHY. 9 

what waters must you pass in going from London to Can- 
ton ? 2. The latitude of Boston is about 42° N. ; its longi- 
tude is about 71° W. (1) What city in Europe has nearly 
the same latitude ? (2) and what are the latitude and longi- 
tude of the point opposite, or antipodal, to Boston ? 3. Point 
out the principal divisions, rivers, and mountains of Ancient 
Italy, by means of an outline map, or not, as you please. 
4. Where is (1) Mount Athos ? (2) Thermopylae ? (3) Arte- 
misium ? (4) Salamis ? (5) Plat^a ? (6) Mycale ? With the 
geography of each place, mention some event connected 
with the history of the place. 5. Name the important bat- 
tles in the Second Punic War. 6. Give a particular account 
of the legislation of Lycurgus, Solon, and Cleisthenes. 

XIII. 

1. Which way from Athens to (1) Corinth ; to (2) Mara- 
thon ; to (3) Delos ; to (4) Thermopylse ; to (5) the Helles- 
pont ; to (6) Crete : from Eome to (7) Carthage ; to (8) 
Carthago Nova ; to (9) Cannse ; to (10) Neapolis ; to (11) 
Tarentum ; to (12) Verona ; to (13) Massilia ; to (14) Lug- 
dunum ; to (15) the Baleares ; to (16) Gades ? 2. Three 
statesmen : (1) Themistocles ; (2) Pericles ; (3) Epaminon- 
das. 3. The expedition of Cyrus the Younger, and the 
retreat of the Ten Thousand. 4. The chief events in the 
life of Julius Cresar. 5. The rivers of Virginia, — describe 
them. 6. The principal English colonies ; name and situ- 
ation. 7. Give a brief account of the reforms of Cleis- 
thenes. 8. The Persian invasions, and the principal battles 
in each, — a short sketch. 9. After these invasions the war 
languished for several years, until it was finally closed by 
the Peace of Cimon : what can you relate of the times of 
that peace ? Compare the Peace of Cimon with that of 
Antalcidas, stating the time and circumstances of the lat- 



10 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

ter. 10. Compare Athens and Sparta. What were the 
causes and results of the Peloponnesian War ? 11. Give 
some account of Philip of Macedon and of Alexander, and 
compare the two. 12. The geographical position and con- 
figuration of Greece. 

XIV. 

1. Give a sketch of the life of Themistocles. 2. De- 
scribe the battle of Plataea. 3. Describe the administra- 
tion of Pericles, and illustrate it by events. 4. Write 
an account of the Sicilian expedition. 5. Give the geo- 
graphical position of Byzantium, Dyrrachium, Aquileia, 
Tarentum, Saguntum, Cannae, Massilia, Eboracum. 6. 
What is the difference between a parallel and a meridian ? 
How far, in degrees, is each polar circle from its pole ? 
What is the greatest possible latitude ? longitude ? 7. The 
basin of a river is the entire area or territory watered or 
drained by the river and all its branches : what European 
states lie, wholly or in part, in the basin of the Ehine, and 
what States of our Union are, wholly or in part, in the 
basin of the Mississippi ? 8. Name a fact in the history of 
each of the following places, and give the situation of each : 
Marathon, Salamis, Platsea, Mantinea, Chaeronea, Arbela, 
Cannae, Syracuse, Zama, Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium. 9. 
What most notable service was rendered to his country 
by Leonidas, Thrasybulus, Marius, Demosthenes, Cicero ? 

XV. 

1. Where were Corinth, Thessalonica, Philippi, Ephesus, 

Sardis ? 2. Four important ancient battles : two from Gre- 

i*n and two from Eoman history. Name the victorious 

and the vanquished party, and show the importance of the 

wattles. 3. The expedition of the Younger Cyrus against 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 11 

Persia, and that of Alexander. 4. The position of the Alps 
and the Apennines ; the rivers that rise in them. 5. Any 
four English colonies ; the chief Spanish colony ; the great 
French dependency in Africa. To what power do the 
Azores belong ? 6. Where are Batavia, Van Diemen's 
Land, New Orleans, San Francisco ? What historical infer- 
ences do you draw from their names ? 7. The statesman- 
ship of Themis tocles. 8. The Athenian power at the 
beginning and at the end of the Peloponnesian War. 9. 
The Athenian and the Spartan polity, character, influence. 

XVI. 

1. Give the latitude of the tropics and of the polar 
circles. What makes them good boundaries for zones ? 
Define arctic and antarctic according to their derivation. 
2. The longitude of St. Petersburg is 30° east from Green- 
wich : give the longitude of two places, one 120° east, and 
the other 120° west, from St. Petersburg. 3. What is 
meant in geography by ivatershed and hasin ? What is the 
relation of the Po to the Alps and Apennines, and of the 
Mississippi to the Eocky Mountains and Alleghanies ? 
4. Point out four towns in this country named after foreign 
towns, and give the situation of the former and of the 
latter. 5. Candia : its situation and ancient name. Mont 
Blanc : in what country is it ? 6. Waterloo, Sebastopol, 
Gettysburg, Sadowa: where? 7. Saguntum, the Trebia, 
Lake Trasimenus, Cannae, Zama : geographically and his- 
torically. 8. The Eubicon, Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium : 
geographically and historically. 9. The Acropolis of 
Athens. 10. Where is Syracuse ? Give an account of the 
failure of the Athenian expedition to Sicily. 11. What 
revolutions took place in the government of Athens be- 
tween 477 and 403 B. C. ? By whom were they effected ? 



12 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

12. The character of Cimon. 13. Give the history of 
Platsea. 14. In what year of the Peloponnesian War was 
the battle of Amphipolis ? What were its consequences ? 
Who was the victor ? Where was Amphipolis ? 

• XVII. 

1. Themistocles, Pericles, Thrasybulus. What, in brief, 
did these men severally do for Athens, and when ? 2. 
Give the situation of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, 
Sphacteria, Syracuse, ^Egos-potami, Leuctra, Arbela ; and 
tell who won and who lost there. 3. Give the position of 
the cities (or some of them) to which St. Paul's Epistles 
were directly sent. 4. With what seas are the mountains of 
Switzerland connected by rivers ? 5. Which of the United 
States lie in the basin of the Mississippi Eiver ? 6. Name 
and place three of the highest mountains in the world. 
Knowing the height of a mountain in feet, with what 
divisor will you reduce the height to miles ? 7. The sculp- 
tor Pheidias (Phidias). 8. The first meeting of the Pelo- 
ponnesian Confederacy at Sparta (B. C. 432) just before 
the great war. 9. The Eoman Comitia. 10. Julius Caesar 
in Spain. 

XVIII. 

1. Bound the basin of the Po, of the Mississippi, of the 
St. Lawrence. 2. Name the chief rivers of Ancient Gaul 
and Modern France. Is France larger or smaller than 
Transalpine Gaul ? What are the two principal rivers that 
rise in the Alps ? Where is Mont Blanc ? 3. Where is the 
source of the Danube ? of the Volga ? of the Ganges ? of the 
Amazon ? 4. Describe the route of the Ten Thousand, or 
lay it down on a map. 5. Leonidas, Pausanias, Lysander. 
6. Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium : geographically and histor- 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 13 

ically. 7. Supply the two names left blank in the follow- 
ing passage from the Oration for the Manilian Law : " Non 
dicam duas urbes potentissimas, Carlhaginem et Numan- 

tiam ab eodem esse deletas ; non commemorabo 

nuper ita vobis patribusque esse visum, ut in uno 

spes imperii poneretur, ut idem cum Jugurtha, idem cum 
Cimbris, idem cum Teutonis bellum administraret." Who 
was Jugurtha? Where was Numantia? 8. Compare 
Athens with Sparta. 9. Pericles : the man and his policy. 

XIX. 

1. From Caesar : " Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, 
, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit." "Aquitania a Ga- 
rumna flumine ad Pyrenceos montes et earn partem Oceani, 
quae est ad Hispaniam, pertinet." Translate these passages. 
Bound Aquitania, describing geographical positions (where 
names are in italics), and giving modern names. (You 
may, if you choose, substitute a map for the description?) 
2. From Csesar : " Undique loci natura Helvetii continentur ; 
una ex parte flumine Rheno, qui agrum Helvetium a Ger- 
manis dividit ; altera ex parte monte Jura altissimo, qui est 
inter Sequanos et Helvetios : tertia lam Lemanno et flumine 
Rhoclano qui Provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit." 
Deal with this as with the preceding. 3. From Yirgil : 

k(l) " Quin Decios Drusosque procul, saevumque securi 
Adspice Torquatum, et referentem signa Camillum : " 
(2) " Quis te, magne Cato, taciturn, aut te, Cosse, relinquat? 
Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, 
Scvpiadas, cladem Libyaa ? " 
'anslate and explain. 4. Cicero enumerates the wars in 
which Pompeius had distinguished himself; among them, 
bellum " Hispaniense" bellum " servile!' bellum " navale." 



14 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Explain. 5. The expedition of the younger Cyrus against 
Persia, and that of Alexander : compare them. 6. De- 
scribe Athens. 7. Name in proper order the chief events 
of the Peloponnesian War, giving the geographical posi- 
tions. 

XX. 

1. Where were Corinth, Thebes, Ephesus, Tarentum, 
Massilia, Saguntum ? Where were the Pyrensei Montes ? 
What sea on the east of Graecia? What large islands 
near Italia ? What large gulf in the south of Italia ? 
Name the chief rivers of Hispania, 2. Cicero enumer- 
ates the wars in which Pompeius had distinguished him- 
self; among them bellum " Hispanimse" bellum " servile? 
bellum " navale." Explain. 3. Three important battles 
in Grecian history ; — name the victorious and the van- 
quished party, and show the importance of the battles. 

4. The expedition of Cyrus the Younger against Persia. 

5. The siege of Syracuse. 6. The Athenian power at the 
beginning, and at the end, of the Peloponnesian War. How 
long did the war last ? 7. The first secession of the Plebs : 
date, cause, and result. 8. The important battles of the 
Second Punic War ; the commanders and victors in each. 
9. The Gracchi, and their attempts at reform. 

XXI. 

1. From Caesar: "Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est 
proximumque Helvetiorum finibus, Geneva!' "A lacu 
Lemanno, qui in flumen Rhodanum influit, ad montem Ju- 
ram fossam perduxit." " Flumen est Avar, quod per fines 
iEduorum et Sequanorum in Rhodanum influit, incredibili 
lenitate, ita ut oculis, in utram partem fluat, judicari non pos- 
sit." Translate these passages. Describe the geographical 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 15 

situation of the places, etc., italicized, and give the modern 
names. What important town is at the junction of what 
were the Ehodanus and the Arar ? 2. From Cicero : 
" Pompeius nondum tempestivo ad navigandum mari Sici- 
liam adiit, Africam exploravit ; inde Sardiniam cum classe 
venit. Inde cum se in Italiam recepisset, duabus Hispaniis 
et Gallia Cisalpina prsesidiis ac navibus confirmata, missis 
item in oram Illy rid Maris et in Achaiam omnemque 
Grseciam navibus, Italise duo maria maximis classibus 
firmissimisque prsesidiis adornavit : ipse autem, ut a Brun- 
disio profectus est, undequinquagesimo die totam ad imperi- 
um populi Eomani Ciliciam adjunxit." Give a translation 
and a geographical description. 3. Where were Argos, 
Sparta, Salamis, Mt. Olympus, Mt. Ida, Sardis ? What 
gulfs are separated by the Isthmus of Corinth ? Name the 
chief rivers of Gallia, giving both ancient and modern 
names. 4. Marathon, Thermopylae, Plateea, — geographi- 
cally and historically. 5. Athens in the time of Pericles. 
6. The Sicilian expedition. 7. Epaminondas, and the su- 
premacy of Thebes. 8. Themistocles and Aristides. 9. 
Philip of Macedon, and the battle of Chseronea. 

XXII. 

1. " Sit Scipio ille clarus, cujus consilio atque virtute 
Hannibal in Africam redire atque Italia decedere coactus 
est ; ornetur alter eximia laude Africanus, qui duas urbes 
huic imperio infestissimas, Carthaginem Numantiamque, 
delevit ; habeatur vir egregius Paulus ille, cujus currum 
rex potentissimus quondam et nobilissimus Perses honesta- 
vit ; sit seterna gloria Marius, qui bis Italiam obsidione et 
metu servitutis liberavit ; anteponatur omnibus Pompeius, 
cujus res gestae atque virtutes iisdem quibus solis cursus re- 
gionibus ac terminis continentur." Explain this passage 



16 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

from Cicero by brief notes, without writing a translation of 
it. 2. From what places, etc., did the Bosporani, the Cyziceni, 
the Cretenses, the Ehodii, mentioned by Cicero, respectively 
derive their names ? Where were those places ? Where 
were Brundisium, Caieta, Cilicia ? 3. Give the divisions 
of the Peloponnesus, with their relative position, and 
name a place in each. Connect historically Mantinea 
with Leuctra in Bceotia. 4. What, and where, were the 
chief settlements made outside of Greece by Greeks ? De- 
scribe the great Sicilian expedition. 5. Point out and 
describe the main causes of the growth and decline of the 
Athenian power. 6. What were the relations at different 
times between the Persian kings and the Greeks ? 

XXIII. 

1. Give a brief account of Caesar's campaign against 
the Helvetii. Fix the position of the following : Lacus 
Lemanus, the Ehodanus, the Allobroges, the Arar, Geneva. 
What part did the Allobroges play in the Catilinarian 
conspiracy ? 2. " Inde cum se in Italiam [Pompeius] rece- 
pisset, duabus Hispaniis et Gallia Cisalpina praesidiis ac 
navibus confirmata, missis item in oram Illyrici Maris et in 
Achaiam omnemque Graeciarn navibus, Italiae duo maria 
maximis classibus nrniissimisque praesidiis adornavit ; ipse 
autem, ut a Brundisio profectus est, undequinquagesimo 
die totam ad imperium populi Eomani Ciliciam adjunxit." 
Fix the position of the italicized provinces, towns, etc., 
without translating the passage. 3. Corinth, Philippi, 
Antioch, Sardis, Ephesus, Smyrna, — where situated ? 4. 
Name the chief battles in winch Greeks and Persians were 
engaged between 500 and 300 B. C. Fix the positions, 
give the dates, and show the importance of the several 
battles. 5. Name some of the chief islands belonging to 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 17 

Greeks or settled by Greeks, and point out the situation 
of each. 6. The conquest of Greece by the Romans. Why 
were the Romans more successful than the Persians had 
been ? 7. Themistocles and Pericles. 8. Pausanias and 
Lysander. 

XXIV. 

1. " Interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspi- 
ciones C. Gracchus." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 

2. " Etenim recordamini, Quirites, omnes civiles dissensiones, 
neque (solum) eas quas audistis, sed et has quas vosmetipsi 
meministis et vidistis." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 

3. " Majores vestri cum Antiocho, cum Philippo, cumPcenis 
bella gesserunt." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 4. Brun- 
disium, Caieta, Ostia, Gallia Cisalpina, Samos, Cilicia, Pon- 
tus (the country). (Cicero.) Give the position of each. 
5. " Classes asratas, Actia bella, 

Cernere erat ; totumque instructo Marte videres 
Pervere Lcucaten (auroque), effulgere fluctus. 

Eegina in mediis patrio (vocat) agmina sistro, 
Necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit angues" (Virgil.) 
Translate and explain. 6. Olympia and the Olympic 
Games. The Olympiads. 7. Describe the battle of Mara- 
thon and the battle of Salamis. 8. The character, policy, 
and works of Pericles. 9. Name the principal events 
which mark the decline and fall of the Athenian power. 
10. The most brilliant period and the most noted men in 
the history of Thebes. Mention two battles, give the geo- 
graphical site of each, and date one of them. 11. Demos- 
thenes. 12. Alexander's empire, and the kingdoms into 
which it broke up. Date his death. 



18 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXV. 

1. " Hsec (sc. Italia) genus acre virum, Marsosque, pubem- 

que Sabellam, 
Adsueturoque malo Ligurem, Volscosque verutos 
Extulit ; ha3C Decios, Marios, magnosque Camillos, 
Scipiadas duros bello, et te, maxime Caesar." (Virgil.) 

2. " Nos, quorum majores Antiochum regem classe Persenque 
superarunt, omnibusque navalibus pugnis Carthaginienses 
.... vicerunt, ii nullo in loco jam praedonibus pares esse 
poteramus." (Cicero.) (Ii may be rendered, imperfectly, 
by even we.) 3. * Ego enim sic existimo : Maximo, Mar cello, 
Scipioni, Mario, et ceteris magnis imperatoribus, non solum 
propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam, ssepius im- 
peria mandata atque exercitus esse conimissos." (Cicero.) 
With this passage, take the following from Virgil: — 

" Tu Maximus ille es, 
Unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem." 
4 Describe the city of Athens. 5. Name and describe 
some important places and events which are associated 
with the rivalry between Athens and Sparta. 6. What 
were the causes of the fall of the Athenian power ? 7. The 
first Darius and the last Darius : how were they con- 
nected with Grecian history ? 8. Name some of the Greek 
islands, and give their situation, with anything memorable 
in their history. 9. The rise and fall of the Achaean 
League. 10. What Eomans gained great victories over 
Greeks ? when, and where ? 11. Name the sections or 
provinces of the Peloponnesus, and point out places of 
historical importance. (Draw a map, if you choose.) 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 19 



XXYI. 



1. By a single map (or otherwise) illustrate the follow- 
ing quotations from Caesar, without writing a translation 
of them : Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis 
Matrona et Sequana dividit. — Sequanos a Provincia nostra 
Rhodanus dividit. — Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est 
proximumque Helvetiorum finibus Geneva. Ex eo oppido 
pons ad Helvetios pertinet. Give the modern names of 
the rivers. 2. By means of a map, or a description in 
words, show the situation, relatively to Rome, of the Italian 
districts named in the following passage from one of Cice- 
ro's orations against Catiline, without writing a translation 
of the passage : Video, cui Apulia sit attributa, qui habeat 
Etruriam, qui agrum Picenum, qui Gallicum, qui sibi has 
urbanas insidias caedis atque incendiorum depoposcerit. 
3. Write explanatory notes on the following lines from 
the prophecy of Anchises in the sixth book of the Aeneid : 
Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho 
Victor aget currum caesis insignis Achivis. 
Eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas, 
Ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, 
Ultus avos Trojae templa et temerata Minervae. 



4. Name (and date, as far 
as you can) the chief occa- 
sions which brought Greeks 
into contact with Persians. 
Give the situation of places. 
5. Themistocles and Aris- 
tides. 6. The causes and 
results of the Peloponnesian 
War. 7. What objects 



4. The Aryan settlement 
of Europe. 5. Forms of gov- 
ernment in Greece. 6. Phil- 
ip and Alexander ; the results 
of the conquests of the latter. 
7. The increase of the do- 
minion of Rome during and 
in consequence of the Punic 
Wars. 8. The Claudian, 



20 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



Flavian, and " Good " emper- 
ors. Name them, and give 
some account of one emperor I 
from each class. 9. Dio- 
cletian and Constantine. 



would an Athenian be most 
likely to point out to a stran- 
ger visiting Athens ? De- 
scribe some of them. 8. 
Name some turning-points or 
critical periods in the history 
of Athens. What made them 
such ? 



XXVII. 

1. Cicero mentions, in his account of the depredations 
of the pirates, Cnidus, Colophon, Samos, Misenum. Where 
were they ? 2. In what part of Gaul was the territory 
of the Aedui ? that of the Sequani ? that of the Arverni ? 
that of the Treviri ? Describe the course of the Ehodanus, 
the Arar, and the Ehenus, and give the modern names of 
these rivers. 3. Write explanatory notes on the follow- 
ing lines from the third book of the Aeneid : — 

Linquimus Ortygiae portus, pelagoque volamus. 
Bacchatamque jugis Naxon viridemque Donusam, 
Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor 
Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta consita terris. 
Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor ; 
Hortantur socii, Cretam proavosque petamus. 
4. Name several of the! 4. Compare the geograph- 



rivers or mountains in Greece 
which are noted in mythol- 
ogy or history. 5. Name 
some places of historical in- 
terest in the Peloponnesus, 
and give the position of each. 



ical character of Greece with 
that of Italy. 5. B. C. 490, 
480, 431-404, 334-323: to 
what events in the history 
of Greece do these dates 
point ? 6. The relations of 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 



21 



6. Eepresent by a map, or 
describe otherwise, the course 
of the expedition of Cyrus 
the Younger, and of that of 
Alexander of Macedon. 7. 
The Eoman Conquest of 
Greece. 8. B. C. 490, 480, 
431 - 404, 334 - 323 : to 
what events in the history 
of Greece do these dates 
point ? 9. Give the situa- 
tion of each of the following 
places, and connect an event 
with each : Marathon, Ther- 
mopylae, Plataea, Leuctra, 
Syracuse, Chaeronea. 



the Italian States to Eome. 

7. The Eoman civil wars. 

8. The extent of the Eoman 
Empire. 9. The English 
conquest of Britain. 



22 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

I. 

1. Give a physical description of Italy. 2. Define pla- 
teau, delta, steppe, light, lagoon, glacier. What is the profile 
of a country ? 3. How many degrees apart from each 
other are the two polar circles ? What is the breadth (in 
degrees) of the torrid zone ? What is the shortest dis- 
tance in degrees of longitude between Madras (80° E. from 
Greenwich) and San Francisco (122J° W.) ? 4. Describe 
the chief physical features of the State in which you live. 
5. Describe the Andes, and one of the three great river 
systems of South America. 6. Name the rivers connected 
with the lakes of Switzerland and of Northern Italy, and 
give their source, course, and end. 7. The Vosges, the 
Jura, the Carpathians ; Mt. Everest, Mt. Chimborazo, Mont 
Blanc, Monte Eosa, Mt. St. Elias. Give their position. 
8. To what powers belong the Azores, Corsica, Malta, Heli- 
goland, Algeria, Batavia, Manilla, Sydney, Havana ? 9. 
Constantinople, Alexandria, Gibraltar, New York, New 
Orleans, Hamburg, — show the convenience or importance 
of the position of each. 

II. 

1. What is meant by the terms "latitude" and "longi- 
tude " ? 2. Give the approximate longitude, reckoned from 
the meridian of Greenwich, of London ; New York ; Cape 
Horn ; the Cape of Good Hope ; Melbourne ; Shanghai ; the 
Sandwich Islands. 3. Name and give the position, with 
reference to the various countries, of the principal moun- 



MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 23 

tain chains of Europe. 4. Name and give the position and 
direction of the principal mountain ranges of North and 
South America. 5. Describe the principal rivers of North 
America, giving an approximate statement of the position 
of their sources, the direction in which they run, and their 
lengths. 6. Describe the principal rivers of Europe, in 
the manner indicated in the preceding question. 7. Name 
the principal islands of the East Indies, and state to what 
political powers they belong. 8. Name the West India 
Islands, and state to what powers they belong. 9. Describe 
the position of France with reference to the adjacent coun- 
tries, rivers, mountains, and seas. 10. What are the advan- 
tages of London with regard to its geographical position ? 
of St. Louis ? of Chicago ? of San Francisco ? 11. What 
are the principal exports of England ? of the United 
States ? of Eussia ? of Central America ? 12. State ap- 
proximately the population of the most important states of 
Europe. 

III. 

1. Where is Manilla ? Through what waters and across 
what countries would you pass in travelling from Manilla 
to New York, (a) entirely by water, (b) partly by water and 
partly by land ? 2. Explain what is meant by latitude 
and longitude. What is the longitude of the point in the 
northern hemisphere directly opposite Washington ? (As- 
sume longitude of Washington 77° W.) What is the lati- 
tude and longitude of the point in the southern hemisphere 
directly opposite Cambridge ? The latitude of Cambridge 
is 42° 23' N., the longitude 71° 7' W. 3. Mention the dif- 
ferent bodies of water surrounding the British Islands, and 
the rivers flowing into each. 4. Give as precisely as you 
can the position of the following mountains, and state, 



24 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

where possible, to what range each belongs : — Washington ; 
St. Elias ; Hecla ; Elburz ; Pike's Peak ; Dwalagiri ; Chim- 
borazo ; Shasta ; Orizaba. 5. Enumerate the States and 
Territories through or by which the Mississippi, Missouri, 
and Ohio Eivers flow. 6. State the principal conditions 
which determine the head of navigation on a river. Name 
the town or city at the head of navigation on two rivers 
in the United States, and on one in Europe. 7. State 
what you know about the Gulf Stream. 

IV. 

1. State as precisely as you can where the following rivers 
rise and empty, their general directions, and the countries 
or states which they cross or bound : — Amazon ; Ehine ; 
Connecticut ; Volga ; Indus ; Ohio ; Obi ; St. Lawrence. 
2. Explain the terms latitude and longitude. Given the 
longitude of Melbourne as 145° E. when referred to Green- 
wich, what would be its longitude when referred to Wash- 
ington ? (Washington lies 77° west of Greenwich.) 3. De- 
scribe the coast of Asia from Behring's Strait to the Strait 
of Malacca, mentioning the peninsulas, the seas, the mouths 
of important rivers, and the islands lying near the main- 
land. (Draw a map comprising these particulars, if you 
prefer.) 4. What is meant by the snow line ? Name some 
countries in which the snow line is very high. 5. Mention 
the principal islands in the Atlantic Ocean, and state to 
what political power each belongs. 6. Bound France, and 
give the name and position of four of its chief cities. 
7. Name and give the position of the principal mountain 
ranges of North and South America. 8. Bound Pennsyl- 
vania. What mountains cross the State ? What are its 
principal rivers ? How does it rank with the other States 
as to area ? as to population ? 



MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 25 

V. 

1. What is the breadth of the north temperate zone in 
degrees ? in miles ? 2. What is the length of the longest 
day at the North Pole ? at the Arctic Circle ? at the Equa- 
tor ? Account for the differences. 3. What countries of 
South America are on the Pacific coast ? Which one has 
no coast line ? 4. Through what waters would a vessel 
pass in sailing from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg ? 5. In 
what zone does Australia principally lie? What is the 
chief river of Australia ? What gulf on the north ? What 
important islands and groups of islands to the north and 
east ? 6. Give the position of the following cities as pre- 
cisely as you can, naming in all cases the river or other 
body of water on or near which the city lies: — Cayenne, 
Constantinople, Detroit, Lyons, Madras, Omaha, Palermo, 
Para, Sitka, Zanzibar. 7. Bound Illinois. What is its cap- 
ital ? Give the name and position of three other important 
cities. What are its chief rivers, and in what direction do 
they flow ? 8. Upon what three circumstances is the cli- 
mate of any region chiefly dependent ? 9. To what states 
or countries would you go for caoutchouc ? coffee ? olives ? 
opium ? pepper ? rice ? silk ? sugar ? tapioca ? turpentine ? 
10. Write what you can about coral islands and reefs. 

VI. 

1. What is meant by the relief of a country ? the pro- 
file ? What are the principal features of relief in North 
America ? 2. Bound the three principal river basins of 
South America. 3. In what direction are the Bahamas 
from the Bermudas ? the Azores from Oporto ? Honolulu 
from San Francisco ? Pekin from Yedo ? 4. Through or 



26 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

near what countries, islands, important cities, and bodies 
of water does the Tropic of Cancer pass ? 5. Name and 
give the situation of the English colonies in Africa. 6. 
Bound Italy. What is its largest city ? Name its princi- 
pal mountains and rivers. If there is anything peculiar 
about any of the rivers, mention and explain it. 7. Where 
are the following gulfs and bays : — Finland, Bothnia, 
Aden, Bengal, Lyons, Chesapeake ? Name the important 
rivers, if any, which empty into each. 8. What are the 
principal productions and exports of Kussia ? France ? 
Cuba ? Japan ? Peru ? 9. How do the forms of govern-, 
ment of the five principal nations of Europe differ ? 10. 
Write what you can about the trade winds. 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 27 



GEEEK COMPOSITION. 



I. 

1. What then ? When 1 the Athenians and my [fellow] 
citizens 2 come, 3 let us summon 4 this man also, that we 
may consult 5 together. 6 2. Cyrus said, " If you go 7 now, 
when 8 shall you be at home ? " 9 3. my country ! 10 
that all who inhabit n thee would love thee as I now do ! 
4. Not many days after this, Chares 12 came from Athens 
with 13 a few 14 ships ; and immediately the Lacedaemoni- 
ans and Athenians fought a naval battle. 15 The Lacedae- 
monians were victorious, 16 under the lead 17 of Hegesandri- 
das. 18 

1. €7T€i8dp. 2. 7roXtT7/ff. 3. epxopcu. 4. KaXeco. 5. ovp,(!$ov\evG> 
(mid.). 6. Koivfj. 7. etpt. 8. irore. 9. oXkoi. 10. trarpis. 
11.. ol<€(0. 12. Xdprjs. 13. exav. 14. okiyos. 15. vavp.a\e(o. 
16. viKaa. 17. rjyeofiai (gen. absol.). 18. 'Hyrja-audplbas. 

II. 

1. After these things, Pericles rose, 1 and thus spoke. 
2. Do not obey 2 these most wicked men. 3. On the next 3 
day he gave them what he promised. 4 4. All the Greeks 
happened 5 to be doing this. 5. Many fear lest these things 
should happen 6 while Philip is king. 7 6. If these things 
were true, 8 it would be still more terrible. 9 

1. dvicmjfjii. 2. Treiday. 3. vorepatos. 4. viri<TXV€op.ai. 5. rvy- 
xdvco with the participle. 6. ylypopai. 7. genitive absolute. 
8. dXrjOrjS' 9. fietvds. 



28 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

III. 

1. Any one might justly 1 praise 2 him, not only for 3 
these things, but for what he did about 4 the same time. 5 
2. If you do 6 what I just 7 now told 8 you, you will have 
all things which any one could wish. 9 3. that 10 these 
things had happened u as we wished ! 9 But since M we 
were unfortunate, 13 let us do what the wisest of us shall 
command. 14 4. If these men had not perished, 15 the city 
would have been saved 16 and we should now be free. 17 

1. diKaias. 2. enaweo). 3. kirl. 4. irepi. 5. "Xfiovos. 6. 7roiea>. 
7. apn. 8. (j)pd£<x>. 9. /3ovXo/iat. 10. cWe. 11. yiyvopai. 
12. eriei. 13. drv^qs. 14. iceXeva). 1.5. dnoXKvpt. 16. croofa. 
1 7. iXevOepos. 

IV. 

1. If I appear x to be wrong, 2 I will pay 3 the penalty. 
2. If you should turn 4 from evils, you would quickly 5 be- 
come 6 better. 3. I fear 7 lest we have forgotten 8 the road 9 
home. 10 4. If Philip had had this opinion, 11 — that it is 
difficult M to fight 13 with the Athenians, — he would have 
done 14 no one of the things which he has done. 

1. BoKeco. 2. ddiKecD. 3. Biktjv dovvai. 4. dirorpk-nopai. 5. ip 
rdxei. 6. yiypopai.. 7. deldco. 8. iirika.v6avop.ai. 9. 686s. 10. 
oUade. 11. yva>p.T). 12. ^aXf7T(5s. 13. iroXepea. 14. 7rpdaaco. 

V. 

1. Those who were looking 1 on feared 2 lest their friends 3 
should suffer 4 anything. 2. They all said 5 that the king 6 
had sent 7 them, and that they wished 8 to make an alli- 
ance 9 with Cyrus. 3. If another shall come 10 in his own 
name, 11 him ye will receive. 12 4. When this had hap- 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 29 

pened, 13 all believed 14 that an assembly 15 would be sum- 
moned. 16 

1. dedofjLdi (partic). 2. <fio(3eop.ai. 3. <f)i\os. 4. 7Jw;(G>. 5. 
Xeyco with on. 6. j3ao~iXevs. 7. nkfmat. 8. fiovXofxai. 9. o~v/i- 
jua^eo). 10. epxofxai. 11. ovopa. 12. \apfidva>. 13. yiyvopai. 
14. o'lopai. 15. eKn\T)o~la. 16. o-vyKaXe'a>. 

VI. 

1. You would be approved, 1 should you appear 2 not to 
do those things which you would blame 3 others for doing. 
2. Swear 4 by no 5 god for the sake of 6 money, not even 7 
if you are not about 8 to violate 9 your faith. 10 3. The 
king n said 12 that the messenger 13 was not then present, 14 
and that, if he had been, these things would not have oc- 
curred. 15 4. Would that I had 16 the wings 17 of an eagle, 18 
that leaving 19 the earth 2° I might be numbered 21 among 22 
the stars ! 23 

1. evdoKifiea. 2. (palvopai. 3. iirvnpda). 4. ofiw/it. 5. prjdeis 
or ovdels 1 6. eveica. 7. prjdL 8. fieWetv. 9. irapafialveiv. 10. 
marts. 11. fiaaikevs. 12. Xeyeii/ with on. 13. ayyeXos. 14. 
irdpeipt. 15. yiyvopai. 16. e^etv. 17. 7TT€pov. 18. aero?. 19. 
XetVa). 20. -yi}. 21. dpiBpea. 22. eV. 23. aarpov. 

VII. 

1. I tried x to show 2 him that 3 he thought 4 he was 
wise, but 6 was not. 2. He says 6 that these things hap- 
pened 7 while Cyrus 19 was king. 8 3. Let no one believe 9 
that I now fear 10 lest our state n be ruined. 12 4. If these 
men were not unjust, 13 they would not have condemned 14 
these generals 15 to death. 16 5. He burned 17 the vessels, 18 
that Cyrus 19 might not pass over. 20 

1. rreipdopat. 2. StUwpi. 3. ort. 4. oiopat (with infin.). 



30 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. 8e (with preceding pev). 6. <prjp.i (with infin.). 7. yiyvopai. 
8. participle of /3ao-iXevG>. 9. vopifa (with infin.). 10. <£o/3eo- 
jxai. 11. 7roXis. ]2. a7rdXXv^t (2d aor. mid.). 13. dbiKca. 
14. Karayiyvoia-KQ). 15. arparr^yos. 16. 6at/aros. 17. KaraKaco. 
18. 7rXoioi/. 19. Kvpos. 20. 5taj3aiVco. 

VIII. 

1. The king 1 is chosen 2 in order that those who choose 2 
him may be benefited 3 by 4 him. 2. They said 5 that Cy- 
rus 6 was dead, 7 and that Ariseus 8 would flee. 9 3. If he had 
been here, 10 would he have overlooked u these things, or 
have punished 12 these impious 13 men? 4. May we desire 14 
only 17 those things which we shall rejoice 15 to have ac- 
quired. 16 5. Before 18 he came, 19 the ships 20 happened 21 
to have gone ® to Caria 23 to summon ^ assistance. 25 

1. (Haaikevs. 2. alpeoa. 3. ev irpdrrzw. 4. did. 5. Xeyw (on). 

6. Kvpos. 7. 6vr]a-K(o. 8. 'Apiaios. 9. <pevya>. 10. irapeipt, 11. 
7repiopd(o. 12. KoXa£o>. 13. dcre^rjs. 14. ciriOvpeo*. 15. ^atpa). 
16. KeKrqpat. 17. povov. 18. 7rptV. 19. epxopai. 20. vaOj. 21. 
Tuyx*"'®- 22. ot^o/iat. 23. Kapla. 24. 7re/)iuyy€XXa> (participle), 
25. /Sojj&Iv. 

IX. 

1. All of them fear x lest they may be compelled 2 to do 
many 3 things which now they do not wish 4 to do. 2. O 
that 5 this man had had 6 strength 7 equal 8 to his mind. 9 
3. They called in 10 physicians 11 when they were sick, 12 
that they might not die. 13 4. He showed 14 that he was 
ready 15 to fight 16 if any one should come out. 17 

1. (pofikopai. 2. dva.yK.dfa. 3. ttoKvs. 4. ftovXopat. 5. eWe. 
6. e^G). 7. p<oprj. 8. tcros. 9. yva>pn. 10. 7mpaKa\(a>. 11. 
larpos. 12. voaea> (partic). 13. diro6vrjo-K<o. 14. Bi]\6a> (with 
or*). 15. eroipos. 16. pd\opai. 17. fgepxopat. 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 31 

X. 

1. He said l that he had come 2 that he might see 3 both 
what was doing and what had been done. 2. I told him 
that, if these things had been true, 4 this would not have 
happened. 5 3. Would that he were alive ; 7 for he would 
not fear 8 these dangers 9 as you do. 4. Do you wish 6 me 
to come ? 2 Tell 1 him not to fear 8 me, thinking 10 I shall 
be angry. 11 

1. Xe-yo). 2. epxppai. 3. opdco. 4. akrjdrjs. 5. yiyvopat. 6. 
fiovkofiai. 7. £a<a. 8. <f)o(3ovp,ai. 9. icivdvpos. 10. oiopcu. 11. 
Xa\e7raiva>. 

XI. 

1. It is said * that the king 2 sent them away, 3 fearing 4 
lest they should perish 5 by remaining. 6 2. Athens, 7 al- 
though it was 8 great 9 before, 10 then became u greater, hav- 
ing been freed 12 from tyrants. 13 3. Who of all the Greeks 
would not justly 14 have hated 15 us, if we had fled 16 and 
had left 17 our city to the barbarians ? 18 4. Call 19 no one 
happy 20 before 21 he is dead. 22 

1. Xeyw. 2. fiacrikevs. 3. diro7refX7ro). 4. <f)o^eofiai. 5. dirok- 
\vfii. 6. fi€P(o. 7. 'A6rjvcu. 8. Participle of dpi. 9. p.kyas. 
10. <npiv. 11. ylyvopai. 12. diraX\d<r(ra>. 13. rvpavvos. 14. 
diKaioas. 15. pirreco. 16. (fievyco. 17. KaraXeiirco. 18. fidpfiapos. 
19. KaXea. 20. okfiios. 21. fl-piV. 22. TeXeurao). 

XII. 

1. Wish a to be a friend 2 of the powerful, 3 in order that 
you may not suffer punishment 4 if you act unjustly. 5 2. 
We fear 6 lest, 7 if we do 8 this, we shall miss 9 at once 10 
what we have gained n and what we hope 12 to gain. 3. 
The messenger 13 came 14 to announce 15 that the city had 



32 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

been taken, 16 but that the citizens 17 were hidden 18 near 19 
the sea. 20 4. Would 21 that he had died ffl in his youth, 23 
for 2* he now would be happy. 25 

1. ftovXofiai. 2. cplXos. 3. to be powerful, Bvvaadai. 4. Si- 
kt\v dovvai. 5. ddiKeiv. 6. (pofiovpai. 7. pfj. 8. 7rparra>. 9. 
dpaprdvcd. 10. a/xa. 11. Tvy^avo). 12. eX7n£a>. 13. ayyeXos. 
14. epxofiai. 15. dyyeXXco. 16. akio-Kopai. 17. iroXirqs. 18. 
KpvTTTO. 19. irapd. 20. 0dXarra. 21. €i#e. 22. d7ro8vr)(TKa>. 
23. a young man, veaviaKos. 24. eVet. 25. evdalp.au. 

XIII. 

1. I trust 2 that these things which you have heard 2 are 
true. 3 2. Who would not wish 4 to leave his country, 5 
when such base 6 men are in power ? 7 3. The same men 
were present 8 when these things happened. 9 4. He said 10 
that, although he was u a god, he wished 4 to die. 12 

1. 7TiaT€va). 2. aKova. 3. akr}6t)S. 4. (3ov\opai. 5. irarpis. 
6. novrjpos. 7. Kparico (partic). 8. ndpeipu. 9. yiyvopcu. 10. 
ef7roi>. 11. participle. 12. dnoOvrjaKco. 

XIV. 

1. After these things, a battle a having taken place, 2 the 
Greeks were victorious. 3 2. The king himself came as 
quickly 4 as possible 5 with the army. 6 3. The same general 7 
commanded 8 the army in both 9 the battles. 4. Many of 
the children 10 whom he saw feared u lest they should be 
taken. 12 5. If these things had been true, 13 it would have 
been still 14 more terrible. 15 

1. pdxrj. 2. ylyvopai. 3. viKaco. 4. ra^v. 5. a>s. 6. arpd- 
revpa. 7. orpcmyyos. 8. yyeopat. 9. dp<poTcpos. 10. irals. 11. 
(pofieopai. 12. Xapfidvea. 13. dXrjdfjs. 14. en. 15. dcivos. 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 33 

XV. 

1. I told a him that you all 2 were my 3 friends. 4 2. He 
acts 5 thus 6 that he may not seem 7 to wrong 8 the state. 9 

3. If he had been just, 10 this would not have happened. 11 

4. Do you think M they will flee 13 when 14 they see 15 us ? 

1. Xeyo). 2. 7705. 3. possessive dative. 4. <p{\os. 5. irpar- 
tco. 6. ovrojy. 7. doKeco. 8. aSiKeco. 9. 7roXis. 10. BUatos. 
11. yiyvofjLcu. 12. ofpzi. 13. cpevya). 14. orai/. 15. o/hzu. 

XVI 

1. They came 1 in order to destroy 2 their 3 enemies. 4 
2. If you should say 5 this, he would be angry. 6 3. The 
men 7 reported 8 that they had seen 9 no one. 10 4. He de- 
clares n that he expects 12 to die. 13 

1. epxopai. 2. a7roXXv/xi. 3. article. 4. i%6p6s- 5. \eyco. 
6. xaAeTrcuVo). 7. dprjp. 8. a7rayyeXXcD. 9. opao). 10, ovdeis. 
11. a770(palvco. 12. ot/icu. 13. OvrjcrKco. 

XVII. 

1. While * Alexander 2 was a in the country 3 of the Uxii, 4 
his horse Bucephalus 5 was 6 once 7 missing. 8 

1. participle. 2. 'AXegavdpos. 3. x^P a ' 4. Ovgioi. 5. Bou- 
Ke<^>aXa?. 6. yiyvop.ai. 7. omit. 8. dcpavrjs- 

2. Accordingly, 1 he proclaimed 2 through 3 the country 
that he would kill 4 all the Uxii, unless they brought 5 him 
back his horse. 

1. odv. 2. 7rpoKr)pvTTa>. 3. dvd. 4. airoKTciva. 5. a7nryo>. 

3. And such 1 fear 2 of the king had 3 the barbarians, 
that 4 Bucephalus was sent 5 back directly 6 upon 7 the 
proclamation. 8 

1. Toaoofie. 2. (pofios. 3. use ei/xt. 4. wore. 5. d7T07re/i7r<a 
6. evdvs. 7. «ri. 8. <r\pvypja. 



34 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XVIII. 

1. Did not Homer 1 call 2 Agamemnon 3 shepherd 4 of the 
people, 5 because a general 6 ought 7 to take care 8 that his 
soldiers 9 be both 10 safe n and 10 prosperous ? 12 

1. "0/j.rjpoS' 2. irpoaayopevo). 3. ' &yapep,va>v. 4. 7roi[ir}V. 5. \aos. 
6. OTparrjyos. 7. del. 8. impeXeopai. 9. crrpaTtd)Trjs> 10. re 
/ecu. 11. o-a>s. 12. €vbaip.(ov. 

2. For 1 you know 2 that generals are chosen 3 to be au- 
thors 4 of prosperity 5 to those who chose them. 

1. yap. 2. oi8a. 3. alpeopcu. 4. curio?. 5. evbatpovla. 

3. It seems x to me, therefore, 2 that Agamemnon would 
not have been applauded 3 by Homer, had he not been ex- 
cellent 4 in this particular. 5 

1. Sokcco. 2. ovv. 3. eVaweco. 4. from dyac^dy. 5. omit. 

XIX. 

1. As x Xenophon 2 was x sacrificing, 3 a messenger 4 ar- 
rived 5 from Mantinea, 6 announcing 7 that his son 8 Gryl- 
lus 9 was dead. 10 

1. omit. 2. 3evo<pa>v. 3. 6va. 4. ayyikos. 5. ^kco. 6. 
Mauriveia. 7. Xeyco. 8. vtdy. 9. TpvKKos. 10. to die, Ovtjctkco. 

2. Then 1 he 2 laid 3 aside the garland, 4 but 5 continued 6 to 
sacrifice. 

1. Kai. 2. iicuvos. 3. airarWepai. 4. arecpavos. 5. 8e pre- 
ceded by /u«>. 6. StareXeo). 

3. But when 2 the messenger had added 2 this 3 also, 4 that 
he had died victorious, 5 Xenophon put 6 the garland on 6 
again. 7 

1. iirel. 2. irpo<rri6r)pi. 3. iiceivos. 4. Kai. 5. vucdo (parti- 
ciple). 6. iiriTiOepai. 7. 7raX«». 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 35 

XX. 

1. Themistocles x said 2 that the trophies 3 of Miltiades 4 
woke 5 him from his sleep. 6 

1. QefiKTTOKkrjs. 2. Ae'yo). 3. rpoiraiov. 4. MtXrtaS^y. 5. avi- 

(TTJJpi. 6. V7TPOS. 

2. Do not hasten 1 to be 2 rich, 2 lest thou speedily 3 be- 
come 4 poor. 5 

1. (nrcv&o. 2. 7rXovTe<B. 3. ra\v- 4. yiyvopai. 5. irevqs. 

3. If he shall slay 1 his 2 enemy, 3 he will pollute 4 his 
hand. 5 

1. airoKTciva. 2. possess, genit. 3. ix&pos. 4. ptaivo. 5. 

4. A report 2 was spread 2 abroad 2 that the allies 3 had 
revolted 4 from the city. 5 

1. Xoyos. 2. diacnreipco. 3. <rvpp^L\os. 4. action] pi. 5. 7roAts. 

XXI. 

1. It became 1 evident, 2 that 3 the Greeks strongly 4 
feared 5 lest he should become a tyrant. 6 2. The god, as it 
seems, 7 often 8 rejoices 9 in making 10 the small great, and 11 
the great smalL 3. The Thebans after this raised n a tro- 
phy, 13 and gave up 14 the dead 15 under truce. 16 4 He 
replied, 17 that he was not marching 18 that 19 he might do 
wrong 20 to any, but that he might assist 21 those who were 
wronged. 22 

1. yiyvofiat. 2. brjkos. 3. OTt. 4. Icrxypcbs. 5. <£oj3eo/nai. 
tf. rvpavvos. 7. eoina. 8. iroXkdicis. 9. ^atpco. 10. participle of 
mie'o). 11. 5e (with preceding pev). 12. umjfu. 13. rponaiov. 
14. dirobibaipat. 15. vettpos. 16. vTToanovbos. 17. dnoKpivopai. 
18. arparevopai. 19. «/a. 20. d8tKea>. 21. jSoqtfe'a). 22. parti- 
ciple. 



36 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXII. 

1. He thought : that he needed 2 friends 3 for this pur- 
pose, 4 that he might have helpers. 5 2. O that 6 I had 
as great 7 power 8 as 9 these kings now have ! 3. They were 
not able 10 to prevent u Philip from passing through. 12 4. 
They announced 13 that they should treat 14 all these as 
enemies. 15 

1. olofxai (w. infin.). 2. t)e'opai. 3. (j>[\os. 4. ei/cxcc 5. ovvep- 
yos. 6. eWe. 7. tchtovtos. 8. dvvapis. 9. 8<ros. 10. bvvapai. 
11. kooXvg). 12. 7rapepxofxai (aor.). 13. npoayopeva (on). 14. 
Xpaopai (use). 15. TroXepios. 

XXIII 

1. The king said that whoever killed 1 the man should 
rule 2 the whole city. 2. They feared 3 that the army would 
bring 4 aid to the inhabitants, 5 for they perceived 6 that the 
citizens were not despondent. 7 3. The eagle 8 remained 
until 9 evening 10 came n on ; and, terrified u by the sight, 13 
we came to the soothsayers 14 to make 15 communication 
about 16 the omen. 17 4. He hoped 18 that he should die 19 
that day, 20 that he might be released 21 from his chains. 22 

5. Take 23 this soldier, and keep 24 him until 9 1 come 25 with 26 
the king's army. 6. Do not inflict 27 misery M on me who 
am miserable 29 already. 30 

1. dnoKTeivo}. 2. apxa>. 3. (pofiovpai. 4. fiorjOea). 5. ivouceoa. 

6. alcr6dvop.cu. 7. ddvpeco. 8. deros. 9. €<os. 10. eenrepa. 11. 
itnylyvopai. 12. eKnXrjcrcrG). 13. o\jns. 14. pdvrts. 15. kolvoco. 
16. rrepi. 17. 6eiov. 18. iXnlfa. 19. dnoOvricrKco. 20. rjpepa. 
21. Xuo). 22. Becrpos. 23. Xapfidvo). 24. o-d>£a>. 25. epxopau 
26. e^co. 27. 7rposri8t]pi. 28. i>dVos. 29. voaka. 30. 9S7. 



GREEK COMPOSITION. 37 

XXIY. 

1. They say that when animals 1 were endowed 2 with 
voices, the sheep 3 said to her master 4 : " You do 5 a curi- 
ous 6 thing/ because 8 to us who provide 9 you wool 10 and 
lambs 11 you give nothing that we don't take 12 from 13 
the earth/ 4 while 15 to the dog 16 you give 17 [-some- 7 ] of the 
food 18 you have yourself." And that the dog, who had 
been listening, 19 said : " But I am your preserver, 20 so that 
you are not carried 21 off by wolves; 22 since, 23 if I should 
not guard 24 you, you could not feed, 25 through-fear 26 of 
death." 27 

1. £5)ov. 2. (pa>vr)eis. 3. ols. 4. 8eo-7r6T7js. 5. iroU<o. 6. 

6avpa<rr6s. 7. omit. 8. because you = relat. pronoun. 9. 

7rape^o). 10. zpiov. 11. apues (plural). 12. \ap(3dved. 13. eK. 

14. yrj. 15. de. 16. kvcdv. 17. perabibapi. 18. alros. 19. 
clkovg). 20. <7a>£a>. 21. apirafa. 22. Xvkos. 23. fact. 24. <J)v- 
Xarrw. 25. vepopai. 26. <pofiovp.ai. 27. dnoXXvpi. 

XXV. 

1. He was brought up 2 at 2 the court 3 of the king 4 ; so 
that, 5 while 6 a boy, 7 he used to converse 8 with the best 9 of 
the Persians. 10 2. Would that he had given n me what he 
promised 12 to give him! 3. Old men 13 say that life 14 is 
burdensome 15 to them ; but if death 16 comes 17 near, 18 no- 
body wants 19 to die. 20 

1. iraiSevoo. 2. fat. 3. 6vpa (plural). 4. PaviXevs. 5. wore. 
6. Participle of dpi. 7. nais. 8. Biakeyopai. 9. aya66s. 10. 
Tlepa-rjs. 11. bidcapt,. 12. VTricr)(vkopa.i. 13. yepav. 14. £aco. 

15. fiapvs. 16. Qavaros. 17. tfpxppat. 18. TrXqatov. 19. fiov* 

\opai. 20. QTTodvT} OTCG). 



38 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXVI. 

1. Seuthes asked, "Would you be willing, Episthenes, 
to die for this boy ? " And he said, holding up his hands, 
" Strike, if the boy commands you to strike." 2. He feared 
that the men from the mountains would not make war 
with the Greeks. 

1ST. B. — The sentences below need correction : write out 
corrected forms for them with a right translation. 

3. Ei ovdeis ipxofiai iua dicovoi e/xe, ov8eis ao(pcoTepos eltriv. 

4. 'AvKTTrjo-av ol 'EWrjves km elitov top irais els too 7r6\ea>s tovto> 



eivai. 



5. And Xenophon, on arriving, said to Seuthes, that the 
men were friendly, and would have sent mercenaries if he 
had asked it. 

XXVII. 

1. The general with all his soldiers sailed away from the 
island, thinking that Cimon had come from Athens with 
twenty-seven ships. 2. The gods know well what it is best 
for man to have : to some they give much gold, to others a 
beautiful body, to others neither of these gifts. 3. (Write 
the following sentence in a corrected form, with the ac- 
cents.) 

Tap idaxra ep.avros avrovs kva rakavrov be oi avOpamoi, eTravcrovrcu 
p.axovres. 

XXVIII. 

And immediately these soldiers came back and informed 
Xenophon that the enemy in great numbers had occupied the 
heights before Cleonymus had been able to lead his horsemen 
into the village. Then Xenophon said that if it seemed best to 






GREEK COMPOSITION. 39 

the other generals, he himself would march with his own men 
against the barbarians, that they might not attack the Greeks 
with their whole force. 

XXIX. 

Xenophon, the Athenian, fearing that, if he should leave 
Chirisophus and proceed by himself to attack the enemy, the 
barbarians would easily master the rest of the Grecian force 
before he could send them assistance, said that if the gods were 
willing to save them, they could save them where they were ; 
but if not, that it was fitting that they should remain and suf- 
fer whatever the gods appointed until death came. 



40 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



GEEEK GEAMMAR. 
I. 

1. Decline 0a\ao-<ra,7r\6os, and \ea>v throughout, and yvty in the 
singular. Explain the Accent of the oblique cases of yty. 
2. Decline the Adjective fieXas. Compare o-acppcov and o-ocpos, 
and give the rules. Compare peyas. 3. Decline ovtos and ipav- 
tov. 4. Give the rule for the Augment of verbs compounded 
with a preposition. Give the Imperfect Indicative Active of 
einypdcjxo and irepiypcKpay. 5. Give the rules for the formation of 
the Future Active. Inflect the Future Indicative Active of 
dyyeXXo. 6. Give the Second Aorist Indicative (Active, Passive, 
and Middle) of AeiW Inflect the Present Optative Active of 
Tifiao). 7. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Active of W%z«, 
and inflect the Imperative. 8. Mention any classes of verbs 
which are followed by the Genitive. How is the Agent ex- 
pressed after verbals in -reos 1 9. Kopai XapiT€<ro~iv Spoiat (hair 
resembling that of the Graces) : Explain the Dative Xapireaa-iv. 
10. What constructions follow tva and onus to denote a purpose 1 
When is each construction used 1 11. Divide the following 
verses into feet, and name the feet : — 

Xat/aere, Kr/pvices, Atds &yye\oi i}5£ Kal avdpdv, 
*A<t<tov It- oUtI /xoi tifA/xes i-rrairioi, d\\' ' kyanifivuv. 

II. 

1. Decline the Nouns povo-a and relxos. Explain the change 
of accent in povo-a where it is not the same as in the Nominative 
Singular. What nouns in a of the first declension have as in the 
Genitive Singular? 2. Decline the Adjective x a P^ m tne Sin- 
gular. 3. Decline the Pronouns <rv and ovtos. 4. What are the 
syllabic and temporal augments respectively 1 What is the or- 
dinary reduplication, and what is the Attic reduplication] 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 41 

6. Conjugate the Verbs Tpij3<o, ayyeAXw, and ypdcpa. Inflect the 
Perfect Indicative Passive of ypdcpa>, and explain the euphonic 
changes which the root ypacp- undergoes in that tense. 6. How 
is the Future Active of a liquid verb formed 1 7. Give a synop- 
sis of the Present and Second Aorist Active of to-Trjpi, and inflect 
those tenses in the Indicative. 8. What is the difference be- 
tween 6 (Tocpos avrjp and 6 dvrjp o~o(pos 1 What does dvfjp 6 aocpos 
mean 1 What do avros 6 durjp and 6 avrbs avrjp mean ? 9. In the 
phrase eVc rovrav hv Xeyei, explain the case of hv. 10. In depend- 
ent clauses, which tenses of the Indicative are followed by the 
Subjunctive, and which by the Optative 1 ? 11. Translate \av6dvet 
iavrov crocpos &v, and explain the use of Xavdava) with the parti- 
ciple. 

III. 

1. Which consonants are called labials, which Unguals, and 
which palatals ? Explain Syncope and Crasis, and give an ex- 
ample of each. 2. Define an Enclitic. Give the Enclitics 
which you remember. 3. Decline the Nouns pova-a and npdypa. 
Give the rule for the accent of the Genitive Plural of each. 
4. Compare dXrjdfjs, dyados, and kokos. 5. Decline oSe in the Sin- 
gular, and Bans in the Plural. 6. Explain the Attic Reduplica- 
tion, and give an example. How are verbs beginning with a 
diphthong augmented? Give the Imperfect and First Aorist 
Active of mi-coo. 7. Inflect the First Aorist Middle Indicative 
of PovXeva, and the Second Aorist Passive Optative of XetVa). 
8. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of riBrjpi through 
all the moods, and inflect the Indicative. 9. Where are evpoi, 
evprjo-ot, and evpeOelr) formed, and from what verb 1 ? 10. What 
cases follow Verbs of accusing, prosecuting, and convicting ? If 
these verbs are compounded with mrd, what construction fol- 
lows them It 11. Translate £k tovtuv av Aey«, and olxerai bv sides 
avhpa. Explain the attraction in each case. 12. Explain the 
Genitive Absolute. When is the Accusative Absolute used ? 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate Ehev on tovto iroiolr), 



42 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

I 

TLlirev oti tovto ttoitjo-oi, Ewrei> on tovto 7roir)(rciev, and E*7Tfi/ 

tovto 7roir)<rei, — and explain the difference, wherever that 
not made clear by the translation. 2. Translate e/3ovXero tovto 
noiTjo-ai, and efa tovto Trovqaai, — and explain the force of the 
Aorist Infinitive in each case. 3. Explain the difference be- 
tween the Optative and the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative 
in expressions of a wish. Give an example of each. 

IV. 

1. Explain the terms Metathesis, Epenihesis, Syncope, and 
give examples of each. 2. Give the general rules for accenting 
the Penult of Greek words. 3. Decline TeXcovrjs and evyews, and 
state what nouns are indeclinable. 4. Compare the Adjectives 
fieXas and rjdvs ; the Adverbs paXa and vvia-ap. 5. Give the 
numeral Adverbs as far as tenants, and write in full the Plural 
of the Article. 6. Give the Imperfect of nepiyiyvopai and dvexco, 
also the Perfect Indicative of Tplfi<o, with the rule for its forma- 
tion. 7. Inflect the Present Optative Active of Tipaa>, and the 
Imperfect of riOrnu. Give the Imperative of «/u, and the Pres- 
ent Indicative of fa pi. 8. Translate the words n-X^et olnep 
diKaCovo-i, and give the rule for the use of the Relative. 
9. What case follows verbs of tasting, and what cases follow 
causatives of this class 1 10. Explain the use of the Infinitive 
after verbs of saying, thinking, etc., and give an example. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. What tenses can be used to 
express a customary action, and what is the general rule for 
introducing quotations'? 2. Translate irpb "EXXrjvos ovBe elvat 
tovto to ovopa bonei, and explain the Infinitive. 3. Explain in 
full the use of uxpeXov in the expression of a wish, and illustrate 
by examples. 

V. 

1. What consonants are called labials, what Unguals, and 
what palatals ? Explain N movable, and give an example. 
2. Accent the following Nouns, ywpai., yva>fi<ov, yvoapais (from 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 43 

Nom. yvafiT]) ; iraidos, 7rcu8a, naiScov, 7ratariv (from irais) ', and the 
following Verbs, /3ovX€U€t, /3ovXeuot, (SovXevaao-Oai, iXdetv, e\6(ov. 
3. Decline the Noun Bakavo-a, and the Adjective xapiW 4. Com- 
pare koXos, vdxppcov, and fjbvs. 5. Decline the Relative o? in the 
Singular, and ovtos in the Plural. 6. How is the Future Passive 
formed 1 — give an example (from jSouXevco). How is the Future 
Active of a liquid Verb formed 1 7. Give a synopsis of the 
Second Aorist Passive of XetVo), and inflect the Subjunctive of 
that tense. Inflect the Aorist Imperative Active of PovXeva, and 
the Present Optative Active of didapi. 8. Where are fiovXevOrj, 
povXcvOrjvai, and Terpiyjrai made 1 Explain the euphonic change 
introduced in forming rerpi^rai. 9. What is the difference be- 
tween /3ovXe vo-ai and (SovXevaai 1 — between i'a-Trjcra and ecrrrju 1 
10. Translate fiovXeade elpat <ro(pol, and fiovXecrBe tovtovs yevecrdai 
aocpoCs. Explain the case of the Adjective in each. 11. Trans- 
late fieXei (toi rovToav, and explain the cases of the Pronouns. 
1 2. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. What is a 
Trochee, a Pyrrhic, an Anapcest, and a Cretic ? 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. In what constructions can the 
Future Optative be used 1 Give an example of its correct use. 

2. What constructions are regularly used in dependent clauses 
after Verbs signifying to strive, to take care, to effect, etc. ] 

3. What is the meaning of each tense of the Infinitive after a 
verb of saying or thinking ? How are the tenses that are want- 
ing in the Infinitive supplied 1 Give an example of each tense, 
using (prjpL and iroda>. 

VI. 

1. What Nouns of the first declension have the ending a of 
the Nominative Singular short ? 2. Give the contracted forms 
with the Accents of the Noun 77X000 (Nom. Dual), of the Adjective 
avrlnvoos, of the Verb e'xpaev, and state the rule or exception to 
which the Accent of each is to be referred. 3. Decline the 
Noun p.vaa. The Noun e<os. The Adjective 71-0X1;?. 4. Into 
what eight classes are Pronouns divided? Give examples of 



44 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

each in the Dative Plural. 5. What is the Greek for the m 
meral Three (cardinal), Third (ordinal), Thrice, One Third 
6. Decline els ; rpets. 7. What is the Pluperfect Active of 
aye//>a) 1 The Aorist Active of SiSco/xt 1 The Future Perfect Pas- 
sive of /3Xa7TTco % How is the last formed 1 8. Give a synopsis 
of the Second Perfect of Xei7reo. Inflect the Future Optative 
Active of dyyeXAca, the Present Optative Passive of rificta, the 
Present Subjunctive Active of didcofii. 9. Where is the form ?}s 
from elfii made 1 Inflect the Second Aorist Middle of ri%u and 
the Second Pluperfect of EIAQ. 10. Explain Attraction in Rela- 
tive Sentences, and illustrate by example. 11. Mention any 
constructions you remember in which the Dative may be used 
to take the place of the Genitive or Accusative, with or without 
Prepositions. 12. What cases can be used after the following 
Prepositions : dp<f)i, dvd, did, npos, vrnp 1 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Give an example of the use of 
the Imperfect Infinitive. 2. Explain with examples the use of 
the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative in final clauses after tva, 
as, etc. 3. The difference in meaning between ov p.f} and prj ov 1 
Give examples of the correct use of each. 4. What Tense of 
the Infinitive is regularly employed after peWeiv 1 What other 
Tenses may take its place 1 

VII. 

1. What consonants are called mutes, and how are they 
divided into smooth, middle, and rough ? When is a syllable 
called pure ? 2. Accent the following Nouns : Bakao-o-av, 6aka<r- 
trai, BaXaacroiv (from BaKaa-aa) ; alavos, alavcov (from alav) ) and the 
following Verbs : efiovXevop, ftovkeuaxriv, \iireiv, \trre<rdai, Xmoiv. Give 
the rule for the last three. 3. Decline the Adjective a|toy. 4. 
Compare agios, noXvs, and pcyas. Give the rule for comparing agios. 
5. Give the Genitive Singular (in all genders) of the following 
pronouns : c-yco, avros, iiceivos, ovtos, ris, ris, os, and oaris. 6. Give 
a synopsis of the Aorist Middle of fiov\eva>, and inflect the Op- 
tative. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of X«V<», 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 45 

and inflect the Imperative. 7. Where are Xliraatv, \17rSxnv, 
TuireUv, and \iirrja-otvro made? In what places is Srjkol found? 
Where are urraurav, taraarBai, and Oeiro made, and from what 
Verbs 1 Inflect the Present Imperative Passive of tarrj/u. 
8. Translate tXaOep iavrop a-o^tos &p, and explain the use of the 
Participle. Mention any other Verbs which take a Participle 
in a similar way. 9. Which is more correct, (popovpai fir) IX601 or 
cpoftovuai firj 'eKBrj 1 Give the reason for your answer. Translate 
ovk av yevoiro tovto, and pr) yevoiTo tovto. Explain the construc- 
tion in each. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate cpopovpat fir) tovto iroijj, 
and cfrofiovfiai fxr) tovto iroiet, and explain the difference in mean- 
ing. 2. Translate elirev oti tovto iroiol, elnev oti tovto noirjaeiep, 
elnep oti tovto iroir)o'ot, and (firj&l tovto Troir)o-ai. Explain the 
tense of 7roua> used in each. 3. What two meanings can ovk 
fihu (from olba) o ti 7roir)o~eiep have ? Explain the use of the 
Optative in each. 

VIII. 

1. What is Crasis ? Give the contracted forms of kcu Sp, koi 
oTvop. 2. Decline eh. Accent j3e/3ovAeu/iei/off, toras, ibew. Give 
the rules for the accentuation of these words. 3. Decline 
Tpir)pr)s, Ix^vs. 4. Decline evyem, 7ro\vs. Compare o~o(p6s and 
dkrjdrjs. 5. Decline ovtos and ovtos. 6. Give a synopsis of the 
Aorist Passive of fiovXevco, and inflect the Subjunctive. Inflect 
the Future Middle of dyyeXKco. 7. Inflect the Optative Passive 
of tiug>. Mention all the places in which the form Tip,a<r6e is 
found. 8. Translate ovBh av Trpa^atpJ av, S>v ov <ro\ cpiXov. Ex- 
plain Trpaf-aipL and hv. 9. Translate rjXBev tva to. yeyevrjpeva 'Idol. 

Explain the Optative. Ei eXBoi, tuvt av i'Soi : d r)XBe, tuvt av elbep. 
Translate, and explain the difference. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ti fiov Xafiav eKTeivas 
evBvs, tva TaiiTa pr)iroTe eVoi'770-a, and explain the construction of 
iiroiriaa. ( 2. Translate cWe iiroUt, e'iBe noiol. 



46 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

IX. 

1. Explain the terms Contraction, Crasis, and Elision. Give an 
example of Elision. 2. Accent the following words : OaXaa-aav, 
Bakaararcu, 6aXaaacov, 6a\a(T<rais (from BaXaa-aa) ; d£i<p, d£ioi, and 
d^Lcov (from a£ios) ', fiovXevot, fiovXevoprai, and /3ov\evotro. Give the 
rules for the three verbs. 3. Decline the Noun Xeav and the 
Participle lards. 4. Compare ^apiW, rjbvs, peyas, and 7roXvs. 
5. Decline the Numeral eh and the Pronoun ovtos. 6. How do 
you form the Future Passive and the Future Middle ? What is 
the Future Active of dyyeXXo, and by what rule is it formed 1 ? 
7. Inflect the Imperfect Passive of @ovXeva>, and the Imperfect 
Active of dioafii. Give a synopsis of the Present Tense of dpi, 
and inflect the Optative. 8. Where are the following verbs 
made : fiovXevcrdTcd, fiovXevBeii], (3ovXevdr)T<o, and Syptv, yfiev, earai ? 
9. How are the gender, number, and case of a Relative Pronoun 
determined? Give an example. 10. Translate k£Uvai i£ Z*v 
exopev, and explain the case of the Relative. Translate avv fj 
i'xeis bwdiici, and explain the position of dwdfxei and the case of 
$. 11. Explain the Genitive and the Accusative Absolute, and 
give an example of each. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the division of tenses 
into primary and secondary. How is the construction of a de- 
pendent sentence affected by this principle % 2. What time is 
denoted by the Aorist Infinitive 1 Give examples, using iXdeiv. 

3. Translate etnev oti tovto noiol, elnev on tovto iroifjcreiev, and 
emeu on tovto Troirjo-oi, and explain the difference in meaning. 

4. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. What are the four 
feet of two syllables 1 

X. 

1. Accent the following words, and give the rules for the ac- 
centuation you adopt : — tl$cls, (fxiyeiv, Xafiov, lotclvto, irpoa-eixov, (3i). 
2. Decline 'Ep/jieas, vyo-os, vea>s, Kepas, TlepiKXerjs. 3. Give the Ac- 
cusative of Ix^vs, vavs, (3ovs, yiyas, ^axpaTijs, fiao-iXcvs. 4. Decline 
ijavxos, deucvvs, idpis. 5. Compare KaXos, pea-os, pucpos, irpeo~(3vs. 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 47 

6. Decline av, 8s. 7. Give the ordinals from one to ten inclu- 
sive. Decline ovo. 8. Give the synopsis of the Second Perfect 
of XetW. Inflect the Second Aorist Active and the Second Ao- 
rist Passive of the same verb. 9. Give the Perfect of ofipvpi. 
Explain the Augment. Give the Pluperfect of 7repiypa(pa>. 10. 
Inflect the Present Optative, Active, and Passive of drjXS). 11. 
What is the construction after verbs of accusing 1 After verbs 
of taking away 1 After verbs denoting fulness and want 1 12. 
Translate ideXa> xprprBai ots e'xeis, and explain the construction of 

T 

OlS. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. When do the Present and Aorist 
Infinitive retain their time 1 What is the rule for the time of 
Participles 1 2. How is an indefinite general relative sentence 
expressed after primary and after secondary tenses'? 3. How do 
you express a wish referring to the Past 1 To the Present 1 To 
the Future? 4. In what case do you put the object after verbals? 
How do you express the agent after the same class of words 1 

XI. 

1. What consonants are called liquids 1 What are the mutes, 
and how are they divided into smooth, middle, and rough 
mutes ? 2. Explain the following euphonic changes : that of 
the root Xey- in ikexfyv and XeXeKTat, that of the root Xewr- in 
\e\eififxai and eXeicpBrjv, and that of TTciO- in 7reVeio>iai. 3. Accent 
the following words : yvcoprjv, yvafim, yvufia>v (from yvoifirj) ; iroXeoos 
and 7roXeis (from 7roXt?) ; ovtivos and ova-nvas (from Boris) ; and 
/SouXevet, /SouXfuot, and fiovXevcafiai (from /3ovXei'aj). Give the rules 
for the three verbs. 4. Decline the Nouns o6%a and npayfia, and 
the Pronouns eya> and ovtos. Give the Accusative Singular and 
the Accusative Plural of the Relative os. 5. Inflect the Future 
Indicative Active and the Aorist Subjunctive Active of fiovXeva). 
Give a synopsis of the Indicative Passive of fiovXevo*, and inflect 
the Aorist. 6. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Passive of 
Xcina, and inflect the Subjunctive. 7. Give a synopsis of the 



48 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Second Aorist Active of diSapi, and inflect the Indicative and 
Subjunctive. 8. In what voice, mood, and tense are the follow- 
ing verbs : e'Oeaav, laravai, town, Uvat, and jffcaavl 9. How does 
the Enclitic rh differ from rlsl Translate aKoveis n; and ri 
dicoveis ', what is the difference between ^ avrfj noXis, — avrri f) 
noXis, — and avrrj fj noXis 1 10. Explain the distinction between 
Primary and Secondary Tenses. Explain the terms protasis and 
apodosis, and give an example of each. 11. What are the 
Spondee, the Trochee, the Iambus, the Dactyl, and the Ana- 
pest I What is the composition of Dactylic Hexameter (He- 
roic), and that of the Elegiac Pentameter 1 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate elirov on eXQoi, — el eXdoi, 
iSot av tovto, — and ottots e\0oi, tovto enoUt. Explain the time 
to which IkOoi refers in each case. 2. When are iva, on-eos, &c, 
followed by the Subjunctive, when by the Optative, and when 
by the past tenses of the Indicative 1 After what class of verbs 
is onas with the Future Indicative most frequently used 1 
3. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic, stating all the 
substitutions allowed, and showing how the Comic Trimeter 
differs from the Tragic. 

XII. 

1. Divide the consonants of the Greek alphabet into labials, 
Unguals, and palatals. What change does v undergo when it 
precedes a labial, lingual, or liquid 1 ? 2. Accent the following 
words, and give the rule for each : Xeyovrai, Tiprjo-ai, oIkol, ovs from 
ovas. 3. Decline the Nouns olnia, vea>s, and aarv, and the Pro- 
nouns ey<b and oorts. 4. Give the synopsis of the Aorist Passive 
of fiovXeva in all the Moods, and inflect the Participle. Inflect 
the Perfect Imperative Passive. 5. Give a synopsis of the 
Second Aorist Passive of XeiVo), and inflect the Subjunctive. 
6. Inflect the Present Optative Passive of ti/j.5), iot^/u, and 
Sidoofxi. 7. Give a synopsis of the Present of ridi/pi, and inflect 
the Second Aorist Subjunctive Active. 8. Explain the apparent 
irregularity in the syntax of the following sentences : irdpeifu 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 49 

eya Kai ovtos, ravra eyevero, to crrpdrevpa paypvrai. 9. Translate 
01 ayaSoi avBpoiivoi, ayaOoi oi avOpoanoi, and oi dya6o\ to>v dv6pd)7ra>v, 
and explain the Genitive. 10. Translate nepneL tovs dv0pd>- 
novs and nepnef. tS>v dv6pa>iraiv, fiovkevcov nparai, and 6 fiovhevcop 
Tipdrai. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate el errpage kqXcos e<rx €V 

and el enpage KaXcbs av eV^ei/. Translate el ir parrel KaXeos e^et and 
eav irpdrrr] Ka\a>s '^X ei ' ^. Translate <po(3ovpai prj yiyverai and 

(pofiovpai pq ov yiyvrjrai. If the leading verb in these cases were 
secondary, what would be the form of the dependent verbs % 
3. Give examples of the use of the Infinitive in Indirect Quota- 
tion to express an action which is past, present, or future with 
respect to the leading verb. 

XIII. 
1. Write more correctly ear onus, — an ov, — ovk ipets, and 
explain the principle. What is iV movable ? — give an ex- 
ample of its use. 2. Explain the terms oxytone, barytone, peri- 
spomenon. Give the general rule for the accent of Nouns. 
Accent povarjs, povo-av, povacov, povcrai, povaais* 3. Decline the 
Substantive AeW, and the Adjective d\rj6f]s. Compare agios, 
dyados, kukos, and peyas. 4. Decline eyd>, and the Numeral eh. 

5. Give a synopsis (through all the moods) of the Aorist Passive 
of fiov\eva>, and inflect the Optative. Give a synopsis of the 
Second Aorist Middle of ri6r)pi, and inflect the Imperative. 

6. Give the voice, mood, and tense of XiTrcoo-iv, XmSxriv, fiovXevaai, 
and PovKevo-ai. 7. Give the rule for the formation of the Per- 
fect Passive, the Future Passive, and the Future Active. What 
is the Future Active of pevca and of dyyeWe* 1 8. What are the 
two kinds of Augment, and when is each used? Give an ex- 
ample of each. What is the ordinary Reduplication, and what 
is the Attic Reduplication 1 9. Inflect the Imperative Active of 
ripdo), giving both the uncontracted and the contracted forms. 
Inflect the Present Indicative Active of 7rXeco in the same way. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the three uses of the 
* From povaa. 



50 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Present Infinitive, and the two uses of the Aorist Infinitive ; and 
give an example of each, using noLelv and noi^aai. 2. How 
many meanings can e<pr] noielv av tovto and tcprj noirja-at av tovto 
have 1 Explain each use of the Infinitive. 3. Show the differ- 
ence between a final clause and an object clause after onus, and 
give examples. 4. In what cases is the Subjunctive used in 
Protasis, and what is the corresponding construction in Relative 
Sentences 1 Give an example of each. 5. Translate etncv on 
tovto 7roioir), — dnev oti tovto noirjcreiev, — finev oti tovto 7toitj- 
aot, — elirep oti tovto noiTjaeiev av, and explain each tense of 
the Optative. 

XIV. 

1. Decline the Nouns yv&tir) and ret^os. Explain the change 
of accent where it is not the same as in the Nominative Singular. 
2. Decline the Adjective agios in the Singular. Compare fi8vs f 
7ro\vs, and x a P" ls - 3. Decline the Pronouns eya> and ovtos. 
4. Give the principal parts of dicova, XapPdva, and dnoypdcpa. 
Inflect the Aorist Indicative Middle of /3ouXeuo>, and give a 
synopsis of that tense through all the moods. 5. Give a 
synopsis of the tenses of the Indicative Active of lo-r^/ii (in the 
first person). Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Active of 
bldcofii, and inflect the Optative. 6. Inflect the Perfect Indicative 
Passive \e\eippai (from XeiVco), and explain the euphonic changes 
which the root Xewr- undergoes in that tense. 7. What is the 
difference between 6 avrds dvrjp and 6 dvrjp ai)Tos 1 8. In the 
phrase ck tovtcov hv Xe'yet, explain the case of hv, and give the 
rule. 9. What are Enclitics, and what are Proclitics? Give 
examples of each in connection with other words. 10. What 
are the feet consisting of two syllables ? Give the quantity of 
each. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. To what time does the Aorist 
Optative refer in each of its uses % Give an example of each, 
using noiea. 2. Give the general rule for indirect quotation 
after oti or cos, and examples. 3. Translate el PovXoito, tovt 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 51 

eiroiei, and el fioiiXoiro, tovt av iroioirj, and explain the two uses 
of the Optative. 4. Which is more correct, fi^ rovro iroL^arjs 
or fifj rovro voir) gov] Explain the reason, and give the rule for 
Prohibitions, 

XV. 

1. Write more correctly «m ol, ovras o-cpobpa, ireirkeKjiai, evcpa- 
vtjs. What are tvx^v, hUr), ye, called with respect to accent? 
2. Write the Genitive and Accusative Singular of the nouns 
Xap<*, S6ga, TeXavrjs, Gas. Decline fiaaiXevs in the Singular, and 
reixos in the Plural number. 3. Write the Dative Singular and 
Plural of the Adjective x a P ieLS an( ^ °f ^ ne Participle bibovs in all 
genders. Compare the Adjectives iroKvs, crepvos, raxvs. 4. De- 
cline ovtos and the interrogative tLs. 5. Inflect the Future 
Middle Indicative of ayyeKku, and the Imperative Active of 
Tifxdoi. 6. Give a synopsis (through all the moods) of the Second 
Aorist Active of mjtij/u, of the Present Middle of rt%u, and the 
Perfect Passive of fiovXeva. 7. State the tense, mood, voice, and 
Present Indicative of the following verbal forms, yevoto, o-r^o-at, 
Wero, fiovkevaov, ecpikei. 8. Translate rfjv avrrjv yvafirjv (opinion) 
tjfiiu exova-iv, and explain the case of fiplv. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ihv pov\r)Tai, notcl tovto, 
and eav (3ov\t]tcu, 7roir)(r€i tovto, and explain the two uses of the 
Subjunctive. 2. Translate <paa\p focis i\de?v, and KeXevovo-iv fjpas 
eXdelv, and explain the two uses of the Infinitive. 3. What is 
the rule for mood and tense in indirect quotations with on or 
as after verbs of saying. Give examples. 4. How is a purpose 
expressed in Greek, and how a result 1 Give examples. 

XYI. 

1. Explain the form of the preposition in e</>' v/xiv. What 
must be the quantity of the a in o-5>pa, and why % When is a 
word called barytone 1 Accent x a P as as Genitive Singular 
and as Accusative Plural from x a P<*- 2. Write the Genitive 
and Accusative Singular of the Nouns Ma, fiovo-a, and the 



52 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Genitive and Vocative Singular of crrpaTiayrrjs. Decline Ix&vs in 
the Singular and veas in the Plural number. 3. Decline the 
Adjectives d\r)6fjs, fjdicav. Compare [wcpos, pe\as, <ro<f)6s. 4. De- 
cline av, ovtos, and the Masculine Singular of Boris. 5. Give a 
synopsis of the Future Active of fxevco, of the Second Aorist 
Active of rtdg/u, and of the Present Middle of dl8a>pi. 6. Inflect 
the Imperfect Middle of ^tXe'o>, and the Aorist Middls Indicative 
of fiovXeva). 7. State the tense, mood, voice, and Present In- 
dicative First Singular of the following verbal forms : \urS>, vopia>, 

erv^co, eoTG>. 8. Translate rqv avrrjv yvoaprjv (opinion) rjyuv e^ou- 

<nv, and explain the case of rjplv. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. When is the subject of the In- 
finitive Mood regularly omitted 1 When does the Aorist Infini- 
tive refer to past time relatively 1 When does on or as take 
the Optative Mood] — give examples. 2. By what mood and 
tense is a supposition referring to past time, and represented 
as contrary to fact, expressed ? Give an example. 3. Trans- 
late rjkOsv tva Utj. What might be substituted for Idy, and 
which would be the more regular form 1 ? 

XYIL 

1. Define an Enclitic. Give the Enclitics which you remem- 
ber. State the quantity of the a in the following words, and 
give the rules : h6£a (Norn. Sing.), dugas (Ace), i\m8as. What 
must be the quantity of the a in aeopa, and why 1 2. Decline 
the Norms wpaypa, x™P a > ytyi ve ^ t in the Singular, and Tpirjprjs, 
aorv, in the Plural. What exceptions to the usual rules for 
Accent occur among the forms here required 1 3. Decline the 
Pronouns ovtos and oo-tls. Decline in the Singular the Parti- 
ciple (BefiovXevKois and the Adjective yXvKvs. Compare yXvicvs and 
rjdvs, and decline the Comparative of the latter in the Plural. 
4. Inflect the Imperfect Active and the Present Optative Middle 
of Tipaoo, wTiting both uncontracted and contracted forms. Give 
synopses of the Aorist Active, Middle, and Passive of /3ovX«5a> 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 63 

through all the moods. 5. Where are dyyikw, eorto, <rra>, iXvarco, 
)<r)<p0<o, formed (i. e. teuse, mood, voice), and from what verbs 1 
Inflect the first and the last. 6. Translate r) avrr) ywr], — avrrj 
f) ywr), — 17 ywri avrr), writing the Greek with the English. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ecf)r) tovto noirjcrcu, and 
e<fir) tovto TToirja-civ. Substitute clnev oti for ecf)T], and make the 
requisite changes in noirjo-ai and noirjaeiv. 2. Translate oo-tis av 
t^Brj, o-^rerai, — oo-rts q\0ev, eldev av. To what kind of sentences 
are these relative clauses analogous ] Explain the two uses of 
the adverb av illustrated above. 3. How is a Purpose expressed 
in Greek] How a Wish referring to Future Time] How a 
Prohibition in the Second Person 1 ? 

XVIII. 

1. Write more correctly Bdxxos, TeTpififiat, vvkt oKtjv, ovtg>$ i^rja-i 
W^hat is Crasis ? Give an example. Mark the quantity of the 
final syllables in the following words : 86ga (Nom. Sing.), 86ga 
(Nom. Dual), Kpnds (Ace. PL), \ip.ivas (Ace. PL), Xva-as (Part.). 
2. Decline the Nouns Ilepo-qs, ttoKis, relxos, Kepas, in the Singular, 
and /3uortXet5y, dv&yeajv, in the Plural. 3. Decline the Pronouns 
ov (?) and t\s. Decline the Numeral eh, and in the Plural the 
Adjectives nds and irpdos. What exceptions to the regular rules 
for Accent occur among the forms here required ] 4. Compare 
vdxfrpuv, rdXas, dyaSos, and decline one of the Comparatives of 
the last in the Plural. 5. Inflect the Present Optative Active 
of rtpda, and the Imperfect Middle of 8id<opi. Give synopses 
of the Future Middle of kt«Vg>, and of the Second Aorist Ac- 
tive of Tidrjfii through all the moods. 6. Where are XtVoj, Xmj-gj, 
eXco, eXa, Uplva, formed (i. e. tense, mood, voice), and from what 
verbs ] Give synopses of the first and last. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate eqbrj ku\5>s av iipd^ai in 
two ways, showing what two forms in Direct Discourse are here 
represented. 2. Translate X«'y« idv 8d|i/ aur<3, — Xe|« edv So^y 
av™, and explain the two uses of the Subjunctive. 3. Trans- 






54 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

late Saris eldev, exaprj ap, and explain the meaning of the relative 
sentence. What would be the meaning, if the verbs were 
changed to the Optative of the same tense 1 What negative 
particle would be proper with the first verb 1 Describe two 
classes of Relative Sentences. 

XIX. 

1. Give an example of Elision. In what words does the ac* 
cent of the elided vowel disappear with the vowel 1 What is 
the word rs called with respect to accent 1 ? Give the other 
words of the same sort. Write twos after dvdpoanov with the 
accents properly disposed. Write re after o-a>pa. 2. Decline 
noXis, 2Kvdrjs, oiKia, do-reov in the Singular, and o-vkov, ve<bs, 6d>s, 
TpitjpTjs in the Dual and Plural. Give the Genitive, Dative, and 
Accusative in all genders and numbers of agios, yXvKvs, of the 
Present Active Participle of to-r^/m, and of the Perfect Active 
Participle of (3ov\eva> (or nava). 3. Compare o~o<fios, rakas, akrjdrjs, 
iroXvs. Decline the Comparative of peyas. Form an adverb from 
fjbvs, and compare it. Decline o~u in the Dual and Plural and 
ovtos in the Singular. Give the Cardinal Numerals as far as 
twelve. 4. Give synopses (through all the moods) of the Aorist 
Middle and Aorist Passive of fiovXevco (or nava), and inflect the 
Imperative. Give synopses of the Perfect Passive of 7tX6kg> and 
the Present Active of dldapi. Inflect the Perfect Passive Indic- 
ative of 7rXe*G> and the Imperfect Passive of ripda. 5. Where 
are peva, eVauo-co, XnrS), ora, ia>, and idiSco formed (i. e. tense, 
mood, voice), and from what verbs] 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. What is the construction in 
Object Clauses after verbs of striving ? How do such clauses 
differ from Pure Final Clauses ] What is a General Supposition 1 
How are General Suppositions expressed 1 How are Prohibitions 
in the Second and Third Persons expressed in Greek] Trans- 
late e<pT) 8a>oeiv ei dvvairo, and state what form the last three 
words would have in the Direct Discourse. 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 55 

XX. 

1. Give an example of Crasis. When does Iota become sub- 
script in Crasis 1 Write re after Kepas with the accents properly 
disposed. Write elpi after Kvpos. What is as called with re- 
spect to accent 1 2. Decline (3ao~ikevs, deanoTrjs, x^P a > K *p a s in the 
Singular, and dvd>yecov, lx&vs, aorv in the Dual and Plural. Give 
the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative, in all genders and numbers, 
of x a P^ an d dXr]6fjs, of the Second Aorist Active Participle of 
didoofjLt, and of the Perfect Active Participle of (3ov\ev<o (or navco). 
3. Compare agios, peXas, o~<a(ppa>v, peyas. Decline the Comparative 
of f)dvs. Form an adverb from raxvs, and compare it. Decline 
iya>, oo-tis, ovtos in the Dual and Plural. 4. Give synopses 
(through all the moods) of the Aorist Middle of #ouXevo> and 
the Present Passive of Tipda and tor^i. Inflect the Future 
Optative Active of ayyeAAo) and the Perfect Passive Indicative 
of Tpi(3a>. 5. Where are etfieo, eo-ra), eVaiJcra), ion, \ina>, \ur£>, eripS), 
and eSt'Sw formed (i. e. tense, mood, voice), and from what verbs'? 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate el tovto noieiv Swarm, 
iroiei, and eav tovto noieiv Bvvrjrai, notel, and explain the two sorts 
of Conditional Sentences. How would the latter be written if 
iroiei were changed to inoUi 1 Describe two classes of Relative 
Sentences. 2. What is the construction in Greek after verbs of 
fearing ? after verbs of hindering ? Give the general rule for 
the Indirect Quotation of compound sentences after on or as. 
Translate x a ^ e7rov evpciv and (prjo-lu evpelv, and explain the two 
distinct uses of the Infinitive. 



XXL 

1. Decline KpiTrjs, noXis, and the Singular of vrjo-os. Explain 
the accent of the Nominative and Genitive Singular and the 
Nominative Plural of prjo-os. 2. Decline the Adjective xpvo-eos 
in the Singular of all genders, and nas in the Plural. Compare 
roobos, rjdvs, and piyas; and the Adverb o~o(p£>s. 3. Decline the 

3 D 



56 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Pronouns eyd> and crv in the Plural, — ov in all numbers, and 
ovtos in the Plural. Explain the accent of otde and oiotmtc 
4. Give a synopsis of the Future and Aorist Middle of fiov\eva> 
(in all the moods), and inflect the Optative of each. Give a 
synopsis of the Second Aorist Passive of Xei7ra>, and inflect the 
Subjunctive. Inflect the Perfect Passive Indicative of XefVco, 
and explain the euphonic changes. 5. Give a synopsis of the 
Second Aorist Active of di&o/M, and of the Second Aorist 
Middle of TiOrjpi, and inflect the Indicative of each. 6. Trans- 
late €< tcov 7roXfcov fov irvyxavev e'xa>v, and explain the case of hv 
and the construction of ex (OV - 7. Give rules for the position 
of the Article, (1) with a noun and an adjective, (2) with a 
noun and a demonstrative pronoun, (3) with avros. Give an 
example of each, and translate it. 8. Give the names and mark 
the quantity of the feet of two syllables. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1 . Explain the ordinary difference 
between the Subjunctive and the Future Indicative after oVco?, 
and give an example of each. 2. Translate el bvvairo, tovto 
e7ro/e4, and el dvvairo, tovt av voio'it), and explain the two uses of 
the Optative. Explain the two corresponding uses of the Sub- 
junctive, • and give examples. 3. What various constructions 
follow nplv 1 give examples. Is tovto 7roif)o-a> irp\v av eXdco or 
tovto iroir)o-<o irpiv ikOeiv more correct 1 — and why ? 

XXII. 

I. What consonants are called liquids ? How are mutes 
divided into labial, palatal, and lingual mutes'? 2. Form the 
Future of rpipa, ypdcpco, and neiOa, and explain the euphonic 
changes which are made before the ending -<ra>. 3. Inflect the 
Perfect Passive (reTpififiai) of rplpa, and explain the euphonic 
changes made in adding the endings -pat, -crai, -rat, -aBov, and 
-o-Be to the stem t/h/3-. 4. Decline the Nouns irokvn\s and vijaos 
in the Singular, and Xecov and fiao-ikevs in the Dual and Plural. 
Give the Accusative Singular of epcs, iXms, nokis, and vavs] and 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 57 

give a rule for each case. 5. Decline the Pronouns av and Bans. 
6. Give a synopsis (through all the moods and participles) of 
the Future Passive of Xva> (or (3ov\eva>). Give a synopsis of 
the Second Aorist Middle of XetW, and inflect the Indicative 
and Imperative. 7. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Mid- 
dle of Ti0T)iJLt, and inflect the Optative. Give the Principal Parts 
of lorij/ii and blScofii. 8. What is the difference between the use 
of the Article in Attic Greek and in Homer 1 Give a rule for 
the position of the article with adjectives and with demonstrative 
pronouns, and give an example of each. 9. Which tenses of the 
Indicative are primary ? and which are secondary (or historical)^ 
How does this distinction often affect the mood of a dependent 
verb 1 10. What is the difference between the Imperfect and Ao- 
rist Indicative? and between the Present and Aorist Subjunctive? 
Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the principle of Indirect 
Quotations, as regards both the leading and the dependent verbs. 
When can the Subjunctive be used in Indirect Questions in 
Greek 1 Give an example. 2. Explain the analogy between 
relative sentences and conditional sentences, and give examples. 
3. What form of the Infinitive construction can follow verbs 
denoting hindrance or prevention (like etpyco, to prevent) % Give 
examples. 

XXIII. 

1. Correct the form yeypacfrpai, and form the Second and Third 
Persons Singular of it. Perform the operations of Crasis and 
Elision on the words pfjre 6 dpfo. 2. Decline in the Singular 
tfoXuo-o-a, deo-noTrjs, 6pi%, and &m>, and in the Plural rpirjpijs. 
3. Decline the Pronouns <ru in all numbers, ovtos and Sans in 
the Singular. Decline fjdvs in the Plural. Compare <ro<fi6s, peXas, 
kokos, and pqSios. 4. Inflect the Aorist Subjunctive Passive of 
Tipaa), the Present Indicative of etpi, the Second Perfect otda in 
the Indicative. 5. Write the Perfect of ukovv, the Future and 
Aorist of didiopt, the Second Aorist of cKpavOaw and of anoBvr]- 
o-Ka>, — all in the Active Voice, 6. How do 6 dvfjp dyaQos and 



58 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

6 dyados dvrjp differ in meaning 1 How is a "Wish referring to 
future time expressed ? 7. Write out the scheme of the Dac- 
tylic Hexameter Verse. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. What is the difference in mean- 
ing between efiao-iXevov and epaaiXcvo-a 1 Give the different con- 
structions in use after tva in Final Clauses. How do Final and 
Object Clauses differ in meaning 1 2. How do « rivas tSot, ovdev 
av ei7rot and ei nvas 1801, ovdev eXeyev differ in sense and grammar ] 
What form of Direct Discourse is represented by eXeyev on 
ypdyjseiev 1 How do you express a Wish referring to past time 1 
Write out the scheme of the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. 

XXIY. 

1. Explain Elision and Crasis; give examples in Art erepa and 
Ka\ avros. 2. What are Enclitics 1 Correct the accent of ovtos 
io-riv, Ttfiai re, Tifi5>v re, tovtov ye. 3. Decline the Nouns vtjo-os, 
Xeav, and fiao-iXevs throughout, and dvtjp in the Singular. 4. De- 
cline the Adjective yXvicvs. Compare a-epvos, 6£vs, and dXt]8r)s. 
5. Give the synopsis of the Future Passive of Xva> (or PovXevoa) 
through all the moods, and inflect the Indicative. Inflect the 
Present Indicative Passive of BrjXdoi (in the contract form). In 
what places in this verb is the form S^Xo? found 1 6. Give the 
synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of riOrjfu in all the moods, 
and inflect the Optative. Inflect the Imperfect of dpi (to go). 
7. State briefly the distinction in the uses of the adverb av. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the analogy between the 
expression of a Wish and of a Condition. What are the con- 
structions which may follow expressions denoting hindrance ? 
What are the two uses of an Aorist Infinitive 1 Translate 
u He does this whenever he pleases," and " He did this when- 
ever he pleased." 2. What are the differences between the 
Homeric use of the Article and the Attic use 1 3. What varie- 
ties of verse are measured by Dipodies? Explain the substi- 
tutions in the Iambic Dipody. How does the Trochaic Dipody 
differ from this 1 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 59 

XXV. 

1. Write down the smooth mutes; the labial mutes. Per- 
form Crasis and Elision on ^re 6 dvrjp. 2. Form the Accusative 
Plural of Tifir], Vocative Singular of ttoXIttjs, entire Singular 
uncontracted and contracted of oareov, Singular in all cases of 
/WiAevs-, Nominative Plural and Genitive Plural of aa/xa and 
•jrokis. 3. Decline a\r]6r}s in the Singular. Compare dya66s and 
K<o(j)6s. Decline <rv in all its numbers, and oans in Masculine 
Singular. 4. Form the Second Person Singular, Aorist Impera- 
tive Middle of povXevco. Form the First Person Singular of 
Xvo> in Aorist Optative Passive, of (pevya in Second Aorist Sub- 
junctive Active, of XetVco in 2d Aorist Indie. Middle. Form the 
Second Person Singular of TtBrjfu in Second Aorist Indicative 
Middle. Inflect elfii (I go) in the Present Indicative. Write 
out the Principal Parts of yiyvao-Kto and ticbidoofxi. 5. How is 
the Article used in Homer 1 What is the difference between 
Kakbs 6 reals and <5 koKos ttcus 1 "Socpwrepos ianv fj iya> ) express 
this by changing ey&> into an oblique case. What constructions 
are used in Final Clauses 1 How do you express a General 
Supposition in present and in past time 1 ? What is a Dactyl, 
an Iambus, a Trochee, an Anapaest 1 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the use of tva with 
the past tenses of the Indicative. Explain the Accusative in 
fxdxrjv vikov. Express " that man " in Greek prose. What con- 
structions are allowed with verbals in -rios, -rtov 1 What tenses 
and moods are used to express Prohibition 1 Write out the 
echeme of the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic both of Tragedy 
and of Comedy, naming the feet employed. 



XXVI. 

1. State the general principle for the Accent of Verbs, with 
such exceptions as you remember. 2. Decline the Nouns Mova-a, 
TeTxos, and Ovydrrip ; the Singular of (pXfy, and the Plural of 



60 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

AeW. 3. Decline the Pronouns av and r\s, and the Numeral els. 
4. Compare raxvs, alaxpds, and kokos, and decline one of the 
Comparatives of the last in the Plural. 5. Inflect the Present 
Optative Middle of Tipda, and the Imperfect Middle of Tidrjpi. 
Give a synopsis of the Present Active of drjXoco, aud of the 
Aorist Passive of lorqpi. 6. If in the sentence epxerai tva rx]v 
7rokiv 18?) the first verb should be changed to rfkQev, how would 
you construct the dependent verb 1 7. Translate into Greek 
the following : / saw those who were present, and I say that I 
have seen them. 

Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ecprj Ka\S>s av npdgai in 
two ways, showing what two forms in Direct Discourse are rep- 
resented. 2. Translate Sorts eldev, exdprj ""> an d explain the 
meaning of the relative sentence. What negative particle 
would be proper with the first verb 1 3. Under what circum- 
stances is a secondary tense of the Indicative used in a Final 
Clause after faa % 



XXVII. 

I. Give the accusative, singular and plural, of Mova-a. olnia, 
X<*>pa, and Ti\ii). Decline vrja-os in the singular, and \eav in the 
plural. 2. Decline the adjective y\v<vs in the singula?*, and 
peyas in the plural. Compare novcpos, 6£vs : dX^s, and fjovs. 3. 
How is the Future Indicative Active of a liquid verb formed 1 
Give an example, and inflect it through all the numbers and 
persons. 4. Give the principal parts of ypdcpa>, \apf3dva>, and 
<pepa>. 5. Inflect the Imperfect Active of tarrifu t and the 2d 
Aorist Optative Active of rl6i)pi. 6. What is a stem in grammar 1 
In \e\eipfiai and in ipplcpOat, point out the stem and the other 
parts of each word ; also explain all the euphonic changes made 
in any of the parts. 7. Translate 7ro\\ol rav ftovXnue'vcov elvm 
aocpaiv, and explain the case of aocpoav. Translate 6 epos tov raXai- 
iraipov /3toy, and explain the genitive. Explain the Accusative in 
•nkqyrjv rvirrei. 8. Translate lav ty vvv, nore corai oikoi, and ijv 



GREEK GRAMMAR. 61 

tyyvs cXdrj Bdvaros, ovdels (SovXerai Ovrjaiceiv, and explain the sub- 
junctive ill each case. Translate cpr^o-h iXddv and ftovXeTai eXdeiv, 
and explain the tense of iXBelv in each. 9. What is a trochee, a 
tribrach, an anapaest, a cretic ? Explain the terms catalectic, 
dipody, dimeter. How many feet are there in a trochaic dime- 
ter, and how many in a dactylic dimeter'? 10. Why is rjXBev tva 
Idrj more correct than epxerai tva i'Soi 1 How is t8y to be ex- 
plained ] Translate into Greek : the?/ took care (eVt/xeAeo^icu) that 
this should be done (yiyvofiai), and explain the construction used 
in the dependent clause. 11. What is the difference between 
XPV P (T€ tovto iroielv and x?h °~ € t °vto Tcoielvl Express in Greek : 
that this had ha]?pened, that this might happen, and that 
this were true ; and explain the verbal form used in each case. 
1 2. What is an anapcestic dimeter acatalectic, — an anapaestic 
tetrameter catalectic, — an anapaestic system ? What is an elegiac 
distich ? 

XXVIII. 

1. Decline the nouns vrjo-os in the Singular, Xecov in the Dual 
and Plural, and fiaaiXevs in all numbers. Explain the accent of 
vrjo-os and Xea>v wherever it varies from that of the Nominative 
Singular. 2. Decline the Pronouns uv in all numbers and ooris 
in the Plural. Explain the accents of the Genitive and Dative 
Plural of Sans. 3. In what two principal ways are adjectives 
compared by change of termination 1 Give examples of each. 
Compare kokos, dyados, dXrjOrjs, and jxiyas. 4. Give the principal 
parts of nXeKco, Xanfidva, didcofxi, and lorrjfxi. 5. Inflect the Aorist 
Optative Passive of \va>, the Aorist Imperative Passive of Xva,* 
the Imperfect Passive of to-r^t, and the Second Aorist Optative 
Middle of TiTfy/xt. 6. Explain the euphonic changes which occur 

in the following forms : — Xvovai, XeXei/jifxai (Xenr-), dovs (Bow-), vvg 
(vvkt-), -ireTreiKa (irciB-), redvica (0v-), ireOrjv (6e-). 7. When any 
forms of the substantive pronoun of the Third Person (ov, ol, 
acpiov, &c.) are used in Attic prose, what is their peculiar force] 



G2 EXAMINATION PAPEES. 

Give an example. 8. Give examples containing the correct 
use of the Genitive Absolute and of the Accusative Absolute. 
When is the latter regularly used 1 9. Translate into Greek : 
If these had been good men, they would not have suffered (7rao-x<a), 
and explain the construction used. 10. What is a trochee, a 
spondee, an iambus, and an anapaest 1 What is ccesura in verse, 
and where does this generally occur in the heroic hexameter ? 
11. How are object clauses with one*? after verbs like aKonca) dis- 
tinguished, in construction and in meaning, from final clauses ? 
Give an example of each. When do final clauses admit the 
Indicative 1 ? 12. Distinguish the Infinitive in Indirect Dis- 
course from its use in other constructions. Show, by an exam- 
ple, how the Imperfect is expressed in the Infinitive. What 
two meanings can e(prj tovto av 7roirj<rai have] Explain the prin- 
ciple in each case. 13. What is the difference between an 
Iambic Dipody and an Iambic Dimeter? What substitutions 
for the Iambus are allowed in an Iambic Dipody 1 what for the 
Trochee in a Trochaic Dipody 1 Explain an Anapaestic System. 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 63 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 

I. 

1. Demaratus, the father of King Tarquin, 1 fled 2 from 
Corinth to Tarquinii. 

1. Tarquinius. 2. Fugio, fug ere. 

2. I do not think 1 that immortality 2 is to be despised 3 
by a mortal. 4 

1. Arbitror, arbitrari. 2. Immortalitas. 3. Contemno, 
contemnere. 4. Mortcdis, -e. 

3. Theophrastus is 1 said to have accused 2 Nature, be- 
cause 3 she had given a long life to crows, 4 and so 5 short 6 a 
life to men. 

1. Dico, dicere. 2. Accuso, accusare. 3. Quod. 4. Cor- 
nix. 5. Tarn. 6. Fxiguus. 

4. Ignorance 1 of future 2 evils 3 is more useful 4 than 
knowledge 5 [of them 6 ]. 

1. Ignoratio. 2. Futurus. 3. Malum. 4. Utilis. 
5. Scientia. 6. Omit. 

15. Do you not know a what 2 sort of men you charge 3 
th crime ? 4 
1. Intelligo. 2. What sort of =zqualis. 3. Arguo,arguere. 
Scelus. 
6. If death x were feared, 2 Brutus would not have fallen 3 
battle, 4 and the Decii would not have exposed 5 them- 
selves to the weapons 6 of the enemy. 

1. Mors. 2. Timeo, timer e. 3. Concido, concidere. 
4. Prcelium. 5. Objicio, objicere. 6. Telum. 



64 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

II. 

1. Pompey was the first Eoman who subdued 1 the Jews. 2 
By right 3 of conquest 4 he entered 5 their Temple. 

1. Devinco, -ere. 2. Judazus. 3. Jus. 4. Victoria. 
5. Intro, -are. 

2. They say 1 that Timotheus, a distinguished 2 man at 
Athens, 3 when 4 he had dined 5 at 6 Plato's 7 and had been 
greatly 8 gratified 9 with the entertainment, 10 and had seen 
him the-next-day, 11 said : 12 " Your dinners 13 are pleasant 14 
not only at-the-time, 15 but also the-day-after." 16 

1. Fero,ferre. 2. Clarus. 3. Athenaz, -arum. 4. Cum. 
5. Cceno, -are. 6. Apud. 7. Plato, -onis. 8. Admodum. 
9. Delecto, -are. 10. Convivium. 11. Postridie. 12. Dico. 
13. Coena. 14. Jucundus. 15. In prwsentia. 16. Poster o 
die. 

3. Yerres also 2 ordered 2 the silver 3 tables 4 to be carried- 
away 5 from 6 all the shrines. 7 

1. Idem. 2. Jubeo,-ere. 3. Argenteus,-a, -urn. 4. Mensa. 

5. Atifero. 6. De. 7. Delubrum. 

III. 

1. The next 2 day he calls 2 the leaders of the forces 8 
together, and tells 4 them that no city is more hostile 5 to 
the Greeks than the royal 6 (city) of the old kings. 

1. Posterus. 2. Convocare = call together. 3. Copio3. 
4. Docere. 5. Infestus. 6. Regius. 

2. If we grant 1 that the gods exist, 2 and that the universe 3 
is ruled 4 by their mind, I do not see why 5 I should 6 say 
there is no divination. 7 

1. Concedo. 2. Esse. 3. Mundus. 4. Begere. 5. Cur, 

6. I say there is no = nego esse. 7. Divinatio. 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 65 

3. There is not x one of you who has not often 2 heard 3 
how 4 Syracuse 5 was taken by Marcellus. 

1. Not one— nemo. 2. Srnpe. 3. Audire. 4. Quemadmo- 
dum. 5. Syracuse. . 

4. Demaratus, the father of our King Tarquin, fled 1 from 
Corinth, 2 because 3 he could not bear 4 the tyrant 5 Cypselus, 
to Tarquinii, and there 6 established 7 his fortunes. 8 

1. Fugere. 2. Corinthus. 3. Quod. 4. Ferre. 5. Ty- 
r annus. 6. Ibi. 7. Constituere. 8. Fortuna. 



IV. 

1. They say 2 that the death of his son was 2 announced 
to Anaxagoras [as he was 3 ] discoursing 4 among 5 his friends 6 
on 7 the nature of things, and that no 8 answer was given by 
him except 8 that he begot 9 him mortal. A glorious 10 
speech u in 12 truth, and worthy 13 of being uttered 14 by so 
great a man. 

1. Tradere. 2. Nuntiare. 3. Omit. 4. Disserere. 
5. Inter. 6. Familiaris. 7. Be. 8. Literally, nothing 
else {nihil aliud) was answered (respondere) except (nisi). 
9. Gignere. 10. Prceclarus. 11. Vox. 12. Vero. 13. Big- 
was. 14. Emitter e. 

2. How much wiser 1 Xenophon [acted 2 ], who, when he 
was engaged-in-sacred-rights, 3 and heard that his elder 4 
son had fallen 5 in battle, 6 merely r laid-down 8 the garland 9 
from 10 his head : but u when he heard that he had fallen 
fighting 12 bravely, 13 he put 14 the garland on his head again. 15 

1. Sapienter. 2. Omit. 3. Sacra peragere. 4. Major 
natu. 5. Cadere. 6. Prceliwm. 7. Tantum. 8. Beponere. 
9. Corona. 10. E. 11. Vero. 12. Pugnare. 13. Fortiter. 
14. Put on = imponere with dative. 15. Bursus. 

3* 



66 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



1. There is need * of magistrates, 2 without 3 whose wis- 
dom 4 and care 5 the state 6 cannot 7 exist. 8 

1. Opus. 2. Magistratus. 3. Sine. 4. Prudentia. 

5. Diligentia. 6. Civitas. 7. With ^%>sse. 8. Esse. 

2. Do you see 1 how 2 the furies 3 harass 4 the impious, 5 
and never 6 suffer 7 them to-stand-still ? 8 

1. Video. 2. £7£. 3. Furia. 4. Agito. 5. Impius. 

6. With unauam. 7. Patior. 8. Consisto. 

3. Since x solitude 2 and a life 3 without friends 4 is full 5 
of snares 6 and fear, 7 reason 8 admonishes 9 us to contract 10 
friendships. 11 

1. Cum. 2. Solitudo. 3. Vita. 4. Amicus. 5. Plenus. 
6. Insidice. 7. Metus. 8. Ratio. 9. Moneo. 10. CW- 
^aro. 11. Amicitia. 

4. We favor 1 thee; we wish 2 thee to enjoy 3 thy 
virtue. 4 

1. Faveo. 2. Cwpio. 3. Fruor. 4. Virtus. 

5. Lucilius used x to say 2 that he wished 3 those things 
which he wrote 4 to be read 5 neither by the very unlearned 6 
nor the very learned. 

1. Soleo. 2. Dico. 3. Volo. 4. Scribo. 5. Lego. 
6. Indoctus. 

6. The decemvirate T and his colleagues 2 had completely 3 
changed 4 Fabius, — a man formerly 5 excellent 6 both in 
peace 7 and in war. 8 

1. Decemviratus. 2. Collega. 3. Plane. 4. JSfwfo. 
5. O/^m. 6. Fgregius. 7. With domus. 8. Militia. 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 67 

VI. 

1. Let us consider, 1 first, 2 whether the universe 3 is gov- 
erned 4 by the foresight 5 of the gods ; 6 secondly, 7 whether 
they provide 8 for the welfare 9 of man. 10 

1. Video. 2. Primum. 3. Mundus. 4. Bego. 5. Pro- 
videntia. 6. Deus. 7. Deinde. 8. Consulo. 9. Res. 10. 
Humanus. 

2. JSTeoptolemus would never 1 have been able 2 to take 3 
Troy, if he had been willing 4 to listen 5 to Lycomedes, in 6 
whose household he had been brought 7 up. 

1. Nunquam. 2. Possum. 3. Capere. 4. Volo. 5. 
Audio. 6. Apud. 7. Uduco. 

3. When x the enemy 2 saw 8 that the damages, 4 which 
they had hoped 5 could 6 not be repaired 7 for a long 8 time, 9 
had been so 10 repaired by the toil n of a few 12 days 13 that 
there was no opportunity 14 left 15 for a sally, 16 they were- 
eager 17 for the original 18 terms 19 of capitulation. 20 

1. Ubi. 2. Rostis. 3. Video. 4. Is. 5. Spero. 
6. Possum. 7. Beficio. 8. Longus. 9. Spatium. 10. Ita. 
11. Labor. 12. Paucus. 13. Dies. 14. Locus. 15. Be- 
linquo. 16. Lruptio. 17. Becurro. 18. Ziem. 19. Con- 
ditio. 20. Deditio. 

4. If he is about to come 2 to Eome without 2 violence, 2 
you may 3 properly 4 remain 5 at home ; 6 but 7 if he is about 
to give 8 up the city 9 to be plundered, 10 I fear u that Dola- 
bella himself 12 can 13 not fully 14 protect 15 us. 

1. Venio. 2. Modeste. 3. Possum. 4. Becte. 5. Sum. 
6. Domus. 7. Sin. 8. Do. 9. TJrbs. 10. Diripio. 
11. FeTw. 12. Ipse. 13. Possum. 14. >S^s. 15. Pn?- 



68 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

VII. 






1. When 1 1 was on 2 (my) Tusculan-estate, 3 and wanted 4 
to use 5 certain 6 books 7 out 8 of the library 9 of Lucullus, I 
went 10 to his villa, 11 to take 12 them thence 13 myself, 14 as 15 
I used 16 to. 

1. Cum. 2. In. 3. Tusculanum. 4. Velle. 5. TJti. 
6. Quidam. 7. Liber. 8. E. 9. Bibliotheca. 10. Ve- 
nire. 11. Villa. 12. Promere. 13. Inde. 14. Ipse. 
15. Ut. 16. Mere. 

2. You know-not, 1 madman, 2 what power 3 virtue 4 has ; 6 
you use 6 the name 7 only 8 of virtue, you know not how 9 
powerful 10 virtue itself n is. 

1. Nescire. 2. Insanus. 3. Vis. 4. Virtus. 5. Habere. 
6. Usurpare. 7. Nomen. 8. Tantum. 9. Quid. 10. To 
be powerful, valere. 11. ipse. 

3. What can 1 you say 2 in 3 your defence 4 which they 
have not said ? 

1. Possum. 2. Dicer e. 3. 7?i. 4. Defensio. 

4. You are sorry 1 for others, 2 for yourself 3 }^ou are 
neither 4 sorry nor 4 ashamed. 5 

1. Miseret. 2. Alius. 3. Tu. 4. ife 5. Pudet. 

5. The tyrant 1 Dionysius, expelled 2 from Syracuse, 3 
taught 4 boys 5 at Corinth. 6 

1. Tyrannus. 2. Expello. 3. Syracusce,-arum. 4. Docere. 
5. Pwer. 6. Corinthus. 

6. This state 2 has not produced 2 any 3 men more illus- 
trious 4 in glory 5 than Africanus, Lselius, and Furius. 

1. Civitas. 2. Ferre. 3. £7Zws. 4. Clarus. 5. Gloria. 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 69 

VIII. 

1. Let us so 1 live 2 as always 3 to think* that an ac- 
count 5 must he rendered 6 hy us. 

1. Ita. 2. Vivere. 3. Semper. 4. Arbitrari. 5. Ratio. 
6. Beddere. 

2. Would-that 2 1 could 2 as 3 easily 4 discover 5 the truth 6 
as refute 7 the falsehood. 8 

1. Utinam. 2. Posse. 3. Tarn. 4. Facile. 5. Invenire. 
6. Fer^s. 7. Convincere. 8. Falsus. 

3. He exhorted 2 his friends 2 not to be- wanting 3 to the 
common 4 safety. 5 

1. Hortari. 2. Amicus. 3. Deesse. 4. Communis. 
5. Salus. 

4. After 2 Porapey had learned 2 what had been done 3 at 
Corfmium, he set-out 4 with two legions 5 from Luceria, and 
in five days 6 arrived-at 7 Brundisium. 

1. Posteaquam. 2. Reperire. 3. Gerere. 4. Proficisci. 
5. Legio. 6. Dies. 7. Pervenire. 

5. When 1 by the supreme-authority 2 of one man there- 
was 3 no-longer 4 a field 5 in public-life 6 for wisdom 7 or 8 
personal-influence, 9 I surrendered 10 myself neither n to my 
sorrows, 12 by which I should have been overwhelmed 13 if- 
I-had-not 14 resisted 15 them, nor n to pleasure 16 unworthy 17 
of a scholar. 18 

1. Quum. 2. Dominatus. 3. Esse. 4. Non jam. 
5. Locus. 6. Bespublica. 7. Consilium. 8. Aut. 9. Auc- 
toritas. 10. Dedere. 11. Nee. 12. Angor. 13. Conficere. 
14. Nisi. 15. Besistere. 16. Voluntas. 17. Indignus. 
18. Doctus homo. 



70 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

IX. 

1. I find 2 that Plato came 2 to Tarentum in the consul- 
ship 3 of Camillus and Claudius. 

1. Bejperire. 2. Venire. 3. Express this by the word 
consul. 

2. The plays a of 2 Livius are not worthy 3 of being read 4 
a second 5 time. 

1. Fabula. 2. Livianus = of Livius. 3. Dignus. 

4. Leg ere. 5. Iterum. 

3. The Sicilians 2 sometimes 2 make 3 a month 4 longer 5 
by one 6 day 7 or two 8 days. 

1. Siculus. 2. Nonnunquam. 3. Facere. 4. Mensis. 

5. Zongus. 6. Unus. 7. Xfe. 8. Biduum. Write out 
the rule for the case of dies. 

4. The Stoics 1 think 2 it does not 3 concern 4 men 5 to 
know 6 what is going to happen. 7 

1. Stoicus. 2. Existimare. 3. Nihil. 4. Inter esse. 
5. Homo. 6. Scire. 7. Esse. 

5. There were [some l ] who on this day accused 2 the 
king 3 of rashness, 4 the consul 5 of inefficiency. 6 

1. Omit. 2. Accusare. 3. Bex. 4. Temeritas. 5. Con- 
sul. 6. Segnitia. 

6. I am afraid : that I cannot 2 grant 3 that. 4 

1. Vereri. 2. Possum. 3. Concedere. 4. Me. 

X. 

1. When Nasica had come 1 to the poet 2 Ennius, and 
the maid 3 had told 4 him 5 Ennius was not at home, 6 Nasica 
knew 7 that she had said so 8 at her master's 9 command, 10 
and that he was within. 11 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 71 

1. Venire. 2. Poeta. 3. Ancilla. 4. Dicere. 5; Is 
(dative). 6. Domus. 7. Sentire. 8. Omit. 9. Dominus. 
10, J^s^ (abL). 11. Intus. 

2. A few l days 2 after, 3 when Ennius had come to Kasica 
and asked 4 for him, Nasica bawls 5 out that he is not at 
home. 

1. Paucus. 2. Dies. 3* Post. 4. Qucerere (with the 
accusative). 5. Exclamare. 

3. Then quoth 1 Ennius : What ? 2 Do I not recognize 8 
your 4 voice ? 5 

1. Inquit. 2. Qmc?. 3. Cognoscere. 4. TV^s. 5. Fb#. 

4. Hereupon x Nasica : You are a shameless 2 fellow : 3 
when I asked for you I believed 4 your maid (when 5 she 
said) that you were not at home. Do you not believe my- 
own-self ? 6 

1. Hie. 2. Impudens. 3. Homo. 4. Credere (with 
dative). 5. Omit. 6. My-own-self, ego ipse. 

XL 

1. This 1 edict 2 having been published, 3 there was 4 no 5 
state 6 which 7 did not send 8 a part 9 of its 10 Senate n to 
Cordova, 12 no 5 Koman citizen 13 who 7 did not come 14 to 
the meeting at 15 the day. 16 

1. Literally, which, qui. 2. Edictum. 3. Pervulgare. 
4. Esse. 5. Nullus. 6. Civitas. 7. Which — not or who 
— not, quin. 8. Mittere. 9. Pars. 10. Omit. 11. Sena- 
tus. 12. Corduba. 13. Cms. 14. Convenire. 15. -4c£. 
16. Zfe. 

2. Nothing x is more praiseworthy, 2 nothing more worthy 3 
of a great 4 and illustrious 5 man, 6 than clemency. 7 



72 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

1. Nihil. 2. Lauddbilis. 3. Dignus. 4. Magnus. 
5. Prccclarus. 6. Fw\ 7. dementia. 

3. Don't x you know 2 what 3 sort of dead 4 men you are 

accusing 5 of the worst 6 crime ? 7 

1. Nonne. 2. Intelligere. 3. What sort of, qualis. 

4. Mortuus. 5. Arguere. 6. Summus. 7. Scelus. 

4. For many 1 ages 2 the name 3 of the Pythagoreans 4 
was 5 in such high repute, that 6 no others 7 seemed 8 learned. 9 

1. Multus. 2. Sceculum. 3. Nomen. 4. Pythagoreus. 

5. To be in such high repute, sic vigere. 6. £ft. 7. -4Zms. 
8. Videri. 9. Doctus. 

XII. 

1. In-the-mean-time a the Eomans, 2 the Scipios 3 being 
sent 4 to Spain, 5 first 6 drove 7 the Carthaginians 8 from the 
province, 9 afterwards 10 carried u on serious B wars 13 with 14 
the Spaniards 15 themselves. 16 

1. Interea. 2. Romanus. 3. Scipio, -onis. 4. Mittere. 
5. Hispania. 6. Primo. 7. Exjpellere. 8. Pcenus. 9. Pro- 
mncia. 10. Postea. 11. Gerere. 12. Gravis. 13. Bellum. 
14. C^m. 15. Hispanus. 16. i^se. 

2. While : these 2 things were carried 3 on in Asia, all 14 
Greece 4 had rushed 5 to 6 arms, 7 in the hope 8 of regaining 9 
liberty, 10 following 11 the authority 12 of the Lacedemonians. 13 

1. Dum. 2. Hie. 3. Gerere. 4. Grmcia. 5. Concur- 
rere. 6. ^4rf. 7. Arm a. 8. >SJpes. 9. Pecuperare. 
10. Libertas. 11. /Sfegm (perfect participle). 12. Auctoritas. I 
13. Lacedwmonius. 14. Omnis. 

3. When T Eegulus had come 2 to Rome, 3 he set 4 forth 
his instructions 5 in the Senate; 6 but 7 he said 8 it was 9 
not 8 expedient 10 for the captives 11 to be restored; 12 for 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 73 

that they 13 were young 14 men and good 15 leaders, 16 that he 
(Eegulus) was enfeebled 17 by age. 18 

1. Cum. 2. Venire. 3. Roma. 4. Exponere. 5. Man- 
datum. 6. Senatus. 7. Sed. 8. To say not, negare. 

9. Esse. 10. Utilis. 11. Captivus. 12. Beddere. 13. iZfe. 
14. Adolescens. 15. Bonus. 16. Zte. 17. Confectus. 
18. Senectus. 

XIII. 

1. Phormio the x Peripatetic, 2 when 3 Hannibal, 4 expelled 5 
from Carthage, 6 had come 7 to Ephesus, 8 is said 9 to have 
talked 10 some 11 hours 12 about 13 the duty 14 of a com- 
mander. 15 

1. Hie. 2. Beripateticus. 3. Cum. 4i. Hannibal, -talis. 
5. Expellere. 6. Kartliago, -aginis. 7. Venire. 8. i^g- 
sws, -m. 9. Dicere. 10. Loqui. 11. Aliquot. 12. Hora, 
-rce. 13. Zte. 14. Officium. 15. Imperator. 

2. Then, 1 when the 2 rest who had heard 3 him were 
greatly 4 charmed, 5 they inquired 6 of 7 Hannibal what he 8 
thought 9 of 10 that 11 philosopher. 12 Hannibal is said 13 to 
have answered, 14 that he had often 15 seen 16 many 17 crazy 18 
old 19 men, [but 20 ] nobody 21 who 22 was more 23 crazy 24 than 
Phormio. 

1. Turn. 2. Cceteri. 3. Audire. 4. Vehementer. 
5. Delectare. 6. Qucerere. 7. Ah. 8. Ipse. 9. Judicare. 

10. Be. 11. Ble. 12. BUlosophus. 13. Ferre. 14. ife- 
spondere. 15. $#pe. 16. Videre. 17. Multus. 18. Zte- 
Zrn^s, -a, -w. 19. >SW#. 20. Omit. 21. Nemo. 22. $m. 
23. Magis. 24. I am crazy (by the verb) deliro, delirare. 

XIY. 

1. If the Gauls a had attacked 2 the town 3 that night, 4 
they would have taken 5 it easily, 6 since 7 no one supposed 8 
that an enemy 9 was-at-hand. 10 



74 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

1. Gallus. 2. Oppugno. 3. Oppidum. 4 Nox. 

5. Capio. 6. Facile. 7. Quum. 8. Pwto. 9. Hostis. 
10. Adsum. 

2. For three-days, 1 however, 2 they waited 3 to see 4 what 
the consul would do, 5 who was himself enrolling- troops 6 at 
Ariininum, and had ordered 7 Nero to cross 8 the Po, 9 and 
hinder 10 the enemy from ravaging n the country. 12 

1. Triduum. 2. Tamen. 3. Exspecto. 4. Omit. 5. Facio. 

6. Delectum habeo. 7. Impero. 8. Transeo. 9. Padus. 
10. Prohibeo. 11. Populor. 12. Ager. 

3. After a the leader 2 of the Gauls saw 3 that the Romans 
would-not 4 risk 5 a battle, 6 he repented 7 of his own inac- 
tivity, 8 for 9 he remembered 10 the counsels n of his father, 12 
who had feared 13 that his son 14 would not be bold 15 enough, 16 
and had warned 17 him not to lose 18 a single day. 

1. Posteaquum. 2. Dux. 3. Video. 4. Nolo. 5. Com- 
mitto. 6. Prcelium. 7. Pcenitet. 8. Inertia. 9. Fnim. 
10. Memini. 11. Consilium. 12. Pater. 13. Metuo. 
14. i^W. 15. Audax. 16. Waft's. 17. Moneo. 18. 

XV. 

1. The next 1 day 2 I was summoned 3 by Pansa 
Bononia. 4 When 5 I was on 6 the way, 7 it was announced ; 
to me that he was dead. 9 

1. Posterns. 2. Dies. 3. Arcesso. 4. First declension* 

5. Cum. 6. In. 7. Iter. 8. Nuntio. 9. Morior. 

2. You (plural) seem 1 to me not 2 even 3 to-day 4 to 
know 5 what 6 a crime 7 you have dared 8 against 9 me. 

1. Videor. 2. Ne. 3. Quidem. 4 Hodie. 5. Scio. 

6. Interrogative. 7. Facinus. 8. Audeo. 9. ik 






LATIN COMPOSITION. 75 

3. This man, if 1 lie had been blessed 2 with a longer 3 
life, 4 would have been much 5 more illustrious 6 than his 
brother, 7 in peace 8 and in war. 9 

1. Si. 2. Contingo ; literally, " if a longer life had fallen 
to him." 3. Longus. 4. JEtas. 5. Multus. 6. Clarus. 

7. Frater. 8. With domus. 9. Militia. 

4z. The consul, afraid 1 of being surrounded, 2 sent 3 
cavalry 4 to take 5 possession of the hills. 6 

1. Vereor (perfect participle). 2. Circumvenio. 3. Prce- 
mitto. 4. Eques. 5. Occupo. By what constructions may 
the purpose be given ? 6. Collis. 

XVI. 

1. Marcellus, with 1 a small 2 body 3 of horse, 4 fought 5 
[the enemy 6 ] and killed 7 the king 8 of the Gauls, 9 Virido- 
marus by name, 10 with his u own hand. 3 

1. Cum. 2. Parvus. 3. Manus. 4. Eques (plural). 
5. Dimicare. 6. Omit. 7. Occidere. 8. Bex. 9. Gallus. 
10. Nomen. 11. Suus. 

2. In the ninth l year 2 after 3 the banishment 4 of the 
kings, 5 when 6 the son-in-law 7 of Tarquinius had collected 8 
a huge 9 army 10 to n avenge the wrong 12 done 13 his father- 
in-law, 14 a new 15 office 16 was created 17 at Eome. 

1. JSfonus. 2. Annus. 3. Post. 4. Exactus (literally, 
after the kings expelled). 5. Rex. 6. Cum. 7. Gener. 

8. Colligere. 9. Ingens. 10. Exercitus. 11. Ad with 
gerundive of vindicare. 12. Injuria. 13. Simply the 
objective genitive: literally, "wrong of his." 14. Socer. 
15. Novus. 16. Dignitas. 17. Creare. 

3. At 1 present I will merely 2 ask 3 this, 4 whether 5 this 
branch-of-literature 6 is deservedly 7 suspected 8 by 9 you. 



76 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

1. Nunc. 2. Tantum. 3. Qucerere. 4. Mud. 5. Ne 
(enclitic). 6. Genus scribendi. 7. Merito. 8. Suspectus. 
9. Dative. 

XVII. 

1. The ninth 2 year 2 after 3 the expulsion 4 of the kings, 5 
when 6 the son-in-law 7 of Tarquin 8 had 9 collected an im- 
mense 10 army, 11 a new n dignity 13 was 14 created at Eome, 
which is 15 called the dictatorship, 16 — greater 17 than the 
consulship. 18 

1. Nonus. 2. Annus. 3. Post. 4. Literally, " kings ex- 
pelled": exigo. 5. Bex. 6. Cum. 7. Gener. 8. Tar qui- 
nius. 9. Colligo. 10. Ingens. 11. Exercitus. 12. Novus. 
13. Dignitas. 14. CVm 15. Appello. 16. Dictatura. 
17. Magnus. 18. Consulatus. 

2. Do you suppose 2 that men 2 who are 3 said to 4 predict- 
the-future can 5 tell-you 6 whether 7 the 8 moon uses 9 her 10 
own light u or 12 that 7 of the sun ? 13 

1. Censeo. 2. Is: literally, " those." 3. JDico. 4. Pre- 
dict-the-future : divino. 5. Possum. 6. Tell-you : respon- 
deo. 7. Omit. 8. Luna. 9. CTfor. 10. >S^ms. 11. 
Lumen. 12. .4w. 13. aSo/. 

3. It was a glorious a sentiment 2 and worthy 3 of being 
uttered 4 by that 5 great man. 6 

1. Prwclarus. 2. Fb#. 3. Dignus. 4. Emitto. 5. That 
great : tantus. 6. P7r. 

XVIII. 

1. When 2 Balbus had 2 said this, 3 then 4 Cotta said, with- 
a-smile, 5 " You are 6 late, Balbus, in telling me what to de- 
fend ; 7 for 8 while 9 you were discussing 10 I was myself 
pondering u what to say in 12 reply, and 13 not so-much u 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 77 

for-the-purpose-of 15 refuting 16 you as of finding-out 17 the- 
things 18 which I did not 19 understand." 20 

1. Cum. 2. Dico. 3. Eelative. 4. Turn. 5. Arrideo 
(present participle). 6. I am late in telling, sero prazcipio. 
7. Defendo. 8. Enim. 9. Ablative absolute. 10. Disputo. 
11. Mecum meditor. 12. In reply, contra. 13. Neque. 
14. So much — as, tarn — quam. 15. Causa. 16. Befello. 
17. Requiro. 18. With is. 19. Minus. 20. Intelligo. 

XIX. 

1. I do not care x how 2 rich 3 Gyges is. 4 

1. Express with refert. 2. Quam. 3. D^s. 4. i&se. 

2. "Who * more 2 illustrious in Greece 3 than 4 Themisto- 
cles ? who 5 when 6 he had 7 been driven into exile 8 did 9 not 
do harm to his thankless 10 country, 11 but did 12 the same 13 
that Coriolanus had 12 done twenty u years 15 before. 16 

1. Quis. 2. Clarus. 3. Grcecia. 4. Write in two ways. 

5. Qui. 6. Cum. 7. Expellere. 8. Exilium. 9. Do 
harm to, Injuriam ferre with dative. 10. Ingratus. 
11. Patria. 12. Facere. 13. 7<iem. 14. Viginti. 15. 
Annus. 16. ^wte. 

3. In the first J of the spring 2 the consul came 3 to 
Ephesus, and, having 4 received the troops 5 from 6 Scipio, he 
held 7 a speech 8 in-presence-of 9 the soldiers, 10 in 11 which, 
after 12 extolling their bravery, 13 he exhorted u them to 15 
undertake a new 16 war 1T with 18 the Gauls, who had 19 [as 
he said u ] helped Antiochus with u auxiliaries 20 

1. Primus. 2. Ver. 3. Venire. 4. Accipere. 5. Copiaz. 

6. A. 7. Habere. 8. Contio. 9. Apud. 10. Miles. 
11. Omit. 12. Collaudare (ablative absolute). 13. Virtus. 
14. Adhortari. 15. Suscipere with ad and gerundive. 16. 
Novus. 17. Bellum. 18. Cim. 19. Juvare. 20. Auxilium. 



78 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

xx. 

1. The plays 1 of Livius are not worth 2 reading 8 more* 
than-once. 4 

1. Fabula. 2. Dignus. 3. Zegere. 4. Iterum. 

2. What x style-of-speaking 2 was 3 in vogue in those 4 
times 5 can 6 best 7 be 8 learned from 9 the works 10 of Thucy- 
dides. 11 

1. Qui. 2. Dicendi genus. 3. Vigere. 4. Ille. 5. Tern- 
pus. 6. Posse. 7. Maxime. 8. Intelligere. 9. Ex. 
10. Scriptum. 11. Thucydides (genitive -c£z). 

3. When 1 I had 2 been engaged a-couple-of-years 3 in 4 
law 5 cases, and my name 6 was very-well-known 7 in the 
forum, I went 8 away from Eome. When 1 1 had 9 come to 
Athens, 10 I stayed u six months 12 with 13 Antiochus, and re- 
newed u the study 15 of philosophy 16 under 1T this teacher. 18 

1. Cum. 2. Versari. 3. Biennium. 4. In. 5. Causa. 
6. Nomen. 7. Jam celebratum. 8. Proficisci. 9. Venire. 
10. Athence. 11. Esse. 12. Mensis. 13. Cum. 14. Beno- 
vare. 15. Studium. 16. Philosophia. 17. Omit. 18. .Doc- 
tor (ablative absolute). 

XXI. 

1. When 1 Paullus, to whom the war 2 with 3 Perses 4 
had-been-allotted, 5 had 6 gone home, 7 that 8 very 9 day 10 he 
noticed 11 that his little 12 daughter Tertia was low-spirited. 13 

1. Cum. 2. Bellum. 3. Cum. 4 Perses (genitive ce). 
5. To be allotted, obtingere (active). 6. Redire. 7. Domus. 
8. Is. 9. Ipse. 10. Dies, 11. Animadvertere. 12. Di- 
minutive oifilia. 13. Tristiculus. 

2. "What 1 is the matter," 2 said 3 he, "my Tertia?" 
" Why l are you sad ? " 4 " My father," 5 said she, " Persa 
is 6 dead." 






LATIN COMPOSITION. 79 

1. Quid, 2. Omit. 3. Inquit 4. Tristis. 5. Pater. 
6. Perire. 

3. Then 1 the-father 2 embraced 3 the girl 4 tenderly 5 and 
said, " 1 6 accept the omen, 7 my daughter." 

Now 8 this 9 Persa was a puppy, 10 which had u died. 

1. Turn. 2. The father, Me. 3. Complecti. 4. Puella. 
5. Comparative of adverb arte. 6. Accipere. 7. Oraew-. 

8. Autem. 9. is. 10. Catellus. 11. Jfora. 

XXII. 

1. Plato, when 1 he was 2 provoked with a slave 3 of 4 his, 
bade 5 him doff 6 his tunic 7 forthwith 8 and hold 9 out his 
shoulders 10 to the scourge, 11 intending 12 to beat him him- 
self 13 with his own hand. 14 

1. Cum. 2. Irasci with dative. 3. Servus. 4. Of his = 
suus. 5. Jubere. 6. Ponere. 7. Tunica. 8. Statim. 

9. Hold out =prcebere. 10. Scapulce, -arum. 11. Verber, 
-is, plural. 12. Future participle of ccedere-. 13. Ipse. 
14. Manus. 

2. When x he was-aware 2 that he was provoked, he kept 3 
his hand suspended, 4 just-as 5 he had raised 6 it, and stood 7 
like 8 one 9 about to strike. 10 

1. Postquam. 2. Intellegere. 3. Detinere. 4. Suspen- 
dere. 5. Sicut. 6. Tollere. 7. Stare. 8. Similis. 
9. Omit. 10. Ccedere. 

3. Being-asked l then 2 by a friend 3 who had happened 4 
in what 5 he was-about : 6 "lam exacting 7 penalty," 8 said 
he, " from 9 a passionate 10 man." n 

1. Interrogare. 2. Deinde. 3. Amicus. 4. Happened 
in = forte intervenire. 5. Quis. 6. Agere. 7. Eodgere. 
8. P^?ia, plural 9. ^16. 10. Iracundus. 11. Homo. 



80 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXIII. 

1. While 1 this 2 was 3 done at Veii, 4 meantime 5 the 
citadel 6 at Eome was in great 7 danger. 8 

1. Bum. 2. Hie (neuter plural). 3. Agere. 4. Veil, 
Veiorum. 5. Interim. 6. Arx. 7. Ingens. 8. Pericu- 
lum. 

2. For J the Gauls, 2 having 3 observed a human 4 track, 5 
climbed- up 6 to the top 7 in a glimmering 8 night 9 in such 10 
silence n that 12 they not 13 only escaped-the-notice-of 14 the 
guards, 15 but 16 did not-even 17 rouse 18 the dogs, 19 — a 
creature 20 on-the-alert 21 for M noises 23 at night. 24 

1. Namque. 2. Gallus. 3. Notare (ablative absolute). 

4. Humanus. 5. Vestigium. 6. Evadere. 7. Summus, 
neuter. 8. Sublustris. 9. JSfox. 10. Tantus. 11. Silen- 
tium. 12. £7£. 13. iVow solum. 14. Fallere. 15. Custos. 
16. iSfec?. 17. iVe — quidem. 18. Excitare. 19. Canis. 
20. Animal. 21. Sollieitus. 22. ^4d. 23. Strepitus. 
24. Nocturnus. 

XXIV. 

1. Death x alone 2 confesses 3 how puny 4 are the bodies 5 
of men. 6 

1. ilfors. 2. iS'ote. 3. Fateor. 4. Quantulus. 5. Cor- 
pusculum. 6. Homo. 

2. There 1 is nothing 2 better 3 than agriculture, 4 nothing 
sweeter, 5 nothing worthier 6 of a free 7 man. 

1. Omit. 2. Nihil. 3. Bonus. 4. Agricidtura. 

5. Bulcis. 6. Bignus. 7. Z$er. 

3. When x Livius Salinator was 2 going out of the city 3 
to 4 carry on war 5 against 6 Hasdrubal, Fabius advising 7 
him to ascertain 8 the strength 9 of the enemy 10 first, 11 he 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 81 

answered 12 that he would not let 13 a chance 14 for fighting 15 
pass. 13 

1. Cum. 2. Egredi (with ablative). 3. Urbs. 4. Gerere. 
5. Bellum. 6. Adversus. 7. Moneo, ablative absolute. 

8. Agnoscere. 9. Vis (plural). 10. Hostis. 11. Prius. 
12. Pespondeo. 13. Omitto. 14. Occasio. 15. Pugno 
(genitive of gerund). 

XXV. 

1. During l these events, 2 horsemen 3 had been sent 4 to 
Alba, to 5 transport 6 the populace 7 to Eome. Then le- 
gions 8 were brought 9 for the-purpose 2 of destroying 10 the 
city. 

2. When these 5 entered u the gates, 12 there was not that 
commotion 13 such 14 as is apt 15 to belong-to 16 captured 17 
cities, when, on-the-capture 18 of the citadel 19 by force, 20 
the rush 21 of armed ^ men 2 through the city confounds ^ 
all things ; 

3. but a sad 2i silence 25 so enchained 26 the minds 27 of 
all, that, forgetting 28 what to leave, 29 what to take 30 with 
them, they stood 31 on the thresholds, 32 or wandered 33 
through their homes. 34 

1. Inter. 2. Omit. 3. Eques. 4. Mitto. 5. Express 
by a relative clause. 6. Traduco. 7. Multitudo. 8. Legio. 

9. Duco. 10. Diruo. 11. Intro. 12. Porta. 13. Tu- 
multus. 14. Qualis. 15. Soleo. 16. Expressed by the 
case of "cities." 17. Capio. 18. Express by a passive 
verb. 19. Arx. 20. Vis. 21. Cursus. 22. Armo. 
23. Misceo. 24. Tristis. 25. Silentium. 26. Defigo. 
27. Animus. 28. Obliviscor. 29. Belinquo. 30. i^ro. 
31. Sto. 32. Limen. 33. Pervagor. 34. Domus. 



82 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXVI. 

1. Whenever J the spring 2 had-set-in, 3 Verres devoted 4 
himself to journey ings, 5 in which he showed 6 himself so- 
very 7 energetic 8 that nobody 9 ever 10 saw n him sitting n 
on 13 a horse. 14 

1. Cum. 2. Ver. 3. Ccepit esse. 4. Bo. 5. Iter. 
6. Prcebeo. 7. Usque eo. 8. Impiger. 9. Nemo. 10. Z7?i- 
quam. 11. Video. 12. #ec£eo. 13. ik 14. Equus. 

2. For he used to ride 1 in a sedan and eight, in which 
there was a cushion 2 stuffed 3 with rose-leaves. 4 Moreover, 6 
he had 6 one 7 garland 8 on his 9 head, 10 another u on his 9 
neck, 12 and ever-and-anon 13 he gave 14 his nose a little-net 15 
of the finest 16 of thread, 17 with tiny 18 meshes, 19 full 20 of 
rose-leaves. 

1. To ride in a sedan and eight, Lectica octophoro ferri. 

2. Pulvinus. 3. Farcio. 4. Rosa (singular). 5. Autem. 
6. Habeo. 7. TJnus. 8. Corona. 9. Omit. 10. Caput. 
11. Alter. 12. Collum. 13. Identidem. 14. Ad nares 
sibi admovere. 15. Reticulum. 16. Tenuis. 17. Linum. 
18. Minutus. 19. Macula. 20. Plenus. 

XXVIL 

1. ISTasica when 1 he had come to Ennius's 2 and the girl 3 
had told him that Ennius was not at home, was aware 4 
that she had said it at her master's 5 order, 6 and that he was 
at home. A few 7 days after when 1 Ennius had come to 2 
Nasica's, Nasica cries out 8 that he is not at home. Then 9 
Ennius: "What! don't I know 10 your voice?" 11 Here- 
upon 12 JSTasica: "You are a shameless 13 fellow; 14 I be- 
lieved 15 your girl, don't you believe me ? " 

1. Cum. 2. Come to Ennius's, venire ad, Ennium. 

3. Ancilla. 4. Sentio. 5. Dominus. 6. Jussu (ablative). 






LATIN COMPOSITION. 83 

7. Paucus. 8. Exclamo. 9. Turn. 10. Cognosco. 11. Fb#. 
12. iiftc. 13. Inpudens. 14. Homo. 15. Credo. 

2. It was more 1 important 2 for the Athenians to have 
solid 3 roofs 4 on 5 their 6 houses 7 than the loveliest 8 ivory 9 
statue 10 of Minerva. Still 11 1 would rather be Phidias 12 
than the best possible 13 carpenter. 14 

1. Plus. 2. It is important, interest 3. Firmus. 
4. Tectum. 5. In. 6. Omit. 7. Domicilium. 8. Pulchcr 
(superlative). 9. "Of ivory," ex and ebur. 10. Sign-am. 
11. Tamen. 12. Phidias, Phidioe. 13. Fe£ with superla- 
tive of bonus. 14. Faber tignarius. 

XXVIII. 

1. At the same 1 time 2 King Attalus, having gone 3 from 
Thebes 4 to Pergamus, dies 5 in his seventy-second year, 6 
after 7 reigning 8 four-and-forty years. To this man fortune 9 
had given no claim 10 but 11 wealth 12 toward 13 the hope 14 of 
the throne. 15 

1. Idem. 2. Tempus. 3. Proficiscor. 4. Thebce, The- 
barum. 5. Morior. 6. Annus. 7. Cum (literally, "when 
he had reigned "). 8. Regno. 9. Fortuna. 10. No claim, 
nihil. 11. Prceter. 12. Divitiw. 13. Ad. 14. Spes. 
15. Begnum. 

2. By using 1 this 2 at once 3 economically 4 and 3 in prince- 
ly style 5 he brought it to pass 6 that he seemed 7 not unwor- 
thy 8 of the throne. Then, 9 after the Gauls were conquered 10 
in a single 11 battle, 12 he assumed 13 the name 14 of King. 15 

1. Utor. 2. Eefers to divitice. 3. At once . . and, si- 
mul . . simul. 4. Prudenter. 5. In princely style, mag- 
nifice. 6. Bring it to pass, efficio. 7. Videor. 8. Indig- 



84 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

nus. 9. Deinde. 10. Vinco. 11. Unus. 12. Prcelium. 

13. Adscisco. 14. Nomen. 15. Regius, -a, -um. 

3. He ruled 1 his subjects 2 with perfect 3 justice, 4 he 
showed 5 unparalleled 6 fidelity 7 to his allies, 8 he was cour- 
teous 9 to wife 10 and children, 11 — four he left 12 surviving, 13 
— gentle 14 and generous 15 to friends. 16 

1. Rego. 2. Sums, -a, -um. 3. Summa. 4. Justitia. 
5. Prcesto. 6. Unicus. 7. Fides. 8. Socius. 9. Comis. 
10. Uxor. 11. Liberi. 12. Relinquo. 13. Superstes, -stitis. 

14. Jfifo's. 15. Munificus. 16. Amicus. 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 85 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 

I. 

1. Decline career, dens, arms, dies, giving the gender of 
each, with the rule for it, and marking the quantities of 
penultimate and final syllables in all the cases. 

2. Give the gender of via, gladius, Tiberis, with the rule 
for each. Give Ablative singular of sedile, turris ; Genitive 
plural of vir, pater, hostis, equa. 

3. Decline alter, alacer, iste. Compare gracilis, inferus, 
ingens, mains; compare prope, and the adverbs formed 
from acer, alius. 

4. Give principal parts of pono, sedeo, domo, vincio. 
Give Future Active Participle and Future Passive Participle 
of pono, and Pluperfect Active Second Person Plural of 
sedeo, marking the quantities of all the syllables of both 
verbs. Inflect the Present Indicative of eo ; of nolo. 

5. Name some classes of verbs followed by the Genitive, 
by the Dative, by the Ablative, by two Accusatives. Give 
some of the rules for the Subjunctive after Eelative Pro- 
nouns ; for its use after Particles. How is not expressed 
with the Imperative ? How is a Wish expressed ? 

II. 

1. Before what vowels have g and c a soft sound ? 
What is the gender of Januarius ? of Corinthus ? of Aquilo ? 
Give the rule for each. What is an Epicene Noun ? 
What words are naturally neuter ? What is Declension ? 
What are some of the general rules for Declension ? Which 
apply to all nouns ? 






86 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



2. Decline dea, Penelope, vir, vis, barbiton, sedile. When 
does the Nominative plural of the third declension end in 
-ia ? Give the three general rules for gender in nouns of 
the third declension. What is the gender of tellus, legio, 
arundo, amnis ? Give the rule for each. Decline domus, 
bos, Vergilius. What are the Heterogeneous Nouns, and 
Heteroclites ? Give some examples of each. Give the 
rule for the derivation of Patronymics; of Diminutives. 
What do the terminations -ium, -arium, -He, in nouns 
denote ? 

3. Decline alius, quisquam, tu. Give the rules for com- 
paring adverbs. What is a Gerund ? a Gerundive ? a 
Supine ? a Participle ? Give the synopsis of possum in the 
Third Person Singular throughout the verb. Inflect the 
Imperatives, Active and Passive, of moneo, amo, capio, audio, 
What are Irregular Verbs ? Give the list of them. What 
compounds oifacio have^f in the passive ? How do you 
form Frequentative Verbs ? how Inceptives ? how Inten- 
sives ? How are adverbs formed from adjectives ? 

4. What does tdtimus mean ? What do hie and ille 
mean when used together ? Explain all the uses of suus 
which you know. When is the Nominative of the Third 
Person wanting ? Translate in two ways, " A woman of 
remarkable beauty " (femina, maxim us, pidchritudo). Ex- 
plain the Genitive, — pridie ejus diei. How do you translate 
the name of a town to which motion proceeds ? How from 
which ? How the name of a town where an event occurs ? 
How in each case if the name of the place is not the 
name of a town ? 

5. Tell all the ways in which a voluntary agent can be 
translated. Translate, " We pity (miseret) them." When 
is the Passive Voice followed by the Accusative of the 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 87 

thing ? What is Synecdoche ? How do yon translate 
expressions denoting time how long, and time at which 
something happens ? What cases follow potior, fido, doceo, 
peto, juvat, voco ? What two different Ablative construc- 
tions may follow a comparative ? In what senses does ut 
take the Subjunctive ? in what the Indicative ? What con- 
struction follows priusquam, quin, cum 1 Mention four 
cases of a Subjunctive after qui. 

6. Tell all the ways you know of translating a clause 
denoting a purpose into Latin. When is the Infinitive 
used without a subject ? State the use of the Genitive, 
Dative, Accusative, and Ablative of Gerunds. "What is the 
general order of words in a Latin sentence ? 

7. Give the rules for Increment in nouns and verbs. 
When do two consonants lengthen the preceding vowel ? 
Give the general rules for the quantity of final syllables. 

III. 

1. Decline honos. What is its gender ? Why ? Is this 
gender natural or grammatical, and what is the difference 
between these two classes of genders ? Mention some 
classes of nouns which are masculine from their signifi- 
cation. Some which are feminine. How do neuter nouns 
of the third declension end ? Decline any one you think 
of. How do you distinguish the declensions of nouns ? 

2. Decline duo. Decline levior. Of what degree of 
comparison is it? Give the other degrees of comparison 
of the same word. Compare magnus. Mention other ad- 
jectives which are irregular in their comparison. 

3. Decline ipse. Give all genders of the Nominative 
singular of quis. Of the Interrogative qui. Decline siquis. 

4 What is an Irregular Verb ? Give a synopsis of the 



88 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

verb esse. Write out the Present tense of this verb in all 
modes and persons. How do yon distinguish the conju- 
gations ? What are the principal stems of verbs ? Give 
the terminations of the First Person Indicative of a verb of 
the third conjugation in all the tenses. What is a Fre- 
quentative Verb ? 

5. What is the Increment of a verb? What is the 
quantity of verbal increments ? What is the general rule 
for the quantity of the increments of nouns ? 

IV. 

1. Give the three general rules for the gender of nouns 
of the third declension. Gender and rule for Boreas, manus, 
res, virtus. 

2. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantities 
of the penultimate and final syllables in all the cases: 
imago, domus, poema, respublica, juvenis. 

3. Decline tu, uterque, aliquis, hrevior. Compare Cle- 
mens, par, din. What does the termination -He in nouns 
denote ? -lentus in adjectives ? 

4. Give principal parts of juvo, resisto, spondeo, haurio, 
marking the quantities of all the syllables in all the forms. 
Inflect the Perfect Active Indicative of resisto, Imperative 
Active and Passive of haurio. Give the synopsis of fio in 
the present stem. 

5. Give several cases of nouns which follow the verb 
sum, and the rules for them. What cases follow utor, re- 
cordor, parco, pcenitet? What cases do the prepositions 
super, prce, inter, govern respectively ? How is a Purpose 
expressed ? 

V. 
1. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantity of 



LATIN GKAMMAR. 89 

the penultimate and final syllables through all the cases : 
ala, genius, pars, conclave, acus, acies. Give the gender of 
each noun, with rule for it. 

2. Decline the adjectives acer a,nd facilis ; the pronouns 
quidam and uter. Compare acer , facilis, felix, mains. Form 
adverbs from pulcher and prudens, and compare them. 
How do you express in Latin five, fifth, and five times ? 

3. Give the principal parts of the following verbs, marking 
the quantity of all the syllables : sto, torqueo, cado, ccedo, 
cedo, ordior. Inflect the Perfect Subjunctive Active of 
cedo, and the Present Imperative Passive of ordior, mark- 
ing the quantities throughout. 

4. What case or cases follow pudet, fungor, prazsum, 
doceo ? Translate into Latin : 1. He asked (rogo) him 
whether (num) Caius had come (venio). 2. He said (dico) 
that Caius would come. 3. He orders (impero) Caius to 
come. 4. He was hindered (impedio) by Caius from (quo- 
minus) coming. 5. He was waiting (opperior) until (dum) 
Caius should come. 6. ~No one (nemo) waited who was 
able (possum) to come. 7. If he had waited, I should not 
have come. 8. Would that (utinam) Caius would come. 
9. Do not come, Caius. 

VI. 

1. Decline virtus, domus, puer, calcar, giving the gender 
of each with the rule for it, and marking the quantity of the 
penultimate and final syllables in all the cases. 

2. Give the gender of juvenis, canon, ratio, flos, with the 
rule for each. Give the Ablative singular of Anchises, aper, 
tribus ; Genitive plural of nubes, respublica, mater. 

3. Decline piger, gravior, ambo, quisque. Compare frugi, 
humilis, and the adverbs formed from acer, durus. 



90 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

4. Give the principal parts of veto, lacesso, pendo, pendeo, 
sepelio, mentior. Mark the quantity of all the syllables 
of the verbal forms adjuvare (from adjuvo), tetenderitis 
(from tendo), and give all the voices, moods, tenses, num- 
bers, and persons in which they may be found. Inflect the 
Future Perfect Indicative Passive of moneo, marking the 
quantity of all the syllables. 

5. Translate into Latin in as many ways as you are able : 

1. He sent (mitto) men to seek ( peto) an oracle (praevium) m 

2. He heard (audio) that Caius had fled (fugio). 3. He 
feared (timed) that Caius had fled. 4. He was angry (iras- 
cor) that Caius had fled. What cases follow the prepo- 
sitions prce, sub, inter, respectively ? Give the rules which 
you remember for the Dative after verbs. 

VII. 

1. Decline filia, vesper, navis, nemus, domus ; mark the 
quantity of the penultimate and final syllables through all 
the cases ; give the gender of each noun, with the rule. 
Give the rules for the formation of the Genitive plural of 
the third declension. How are the Diminutives formed 
from nouns ? 

2. Decline crudelis, unus, duo, idem, aliquis ; compare 
crudelis, facilis, superus, vetus. What are the meanings 
respectively of the terminations -osus (e.g. vinosus), -His 
(e. g. mobilis), -ax (e. g. fallax) ? Give the Latin for a hun- 
dred, two hundred, and so on to nine hundred inclusive. 
Mark the quantity of the penultimate and final syllables 
in all the Latin words given in this section. 

3. Give the principal parts of juvo, veho, sentio, censeo, 
ccedo, audeo. Inflect the Present Subjunctive Passive of 
juvo ; the Perfect Subjunctive Active of veho ; the Future 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 91 

Indicative Passive of ccedo ; the Imperfect Subjunctive 
Active of volo. Mark the quantity of the penultimate and 
final syllables. 

4. What case or cases respectively follow the verbs 
vendo, dono, pamitet, rogo, solvo, condemno ? Translate" into 
Latin : He orders (impero) Caius to be present (adsum). 
He feared (metuo) that Caius was not present. He sent 
(mitto) Caius to be present. He was angry (irascor) be- 
cause (quod) Caius was present. He is happy (beams) 
provided (dummodo) Caius is present. He did not know 
(nescio) on what day (dies) Caius was present. Where 
may the caesural pause occur in the dactylic hexameter ? 

VIII. 

1. Decline the following nouns, giving the gender of each 
with the rule, and marking the quantity of the penultimate 
and final syllables in all the cases : vir, Boreas, imago, 
murmur, fides, rus, portus. 

2. What is denoted by the terminations -mentum (e. g. 
documentum from doceo), -or (e. g. fautor from faveo), -idus 
(e. g. calidus from caleo) ? Compare dexter, frugi, sacer, 
juvenis, merito, and the adverbs from alacer and ceger. 

3. Decline integer, alius, dispar, plus, marking the quan- 
tity as in section one. Decline iste, meus, quidam. 

4. Mark the quantity of all the syllables of the verbal 
forms in this section (4). Give the principal parts of the 
following verbs: ambio, sto, maneo, arcesso. Give a sy- 
nopsis of fio in the present stem. Inflect the Future Perfect 
Indicative, Active and Passive, of cozdo. In what places 
can capere be found ? In what places venimus, and how 
distinguished by difference of quantity ? 

5. By what cases may sum be followed ? Translate : He 



92 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

knew (sew) that Caius was coming (venio). He begged 
(pro) Caius to come. He feared (timeo) that Caius would 
not come. He sent (mitto) men to hinder (pbsto) Caius 
from coming. Explain the use of ille, is, hie, iste, ipse, sui. 
Give some of the rules for the case of a noun referring 
to the same person or thing as a preceding noun. 

IX. 

1. Decline Annius, radix, fons, flos, exemplar, manus. 
Give the gender of each, with the rule. Give the rules 
for the formation of the Ablative singular of the third de- 
clension. What are the meanings of the endings -mentum 
(e. g. impedimenta), -bulum (e. g. pabulum), -tor (e. g. doc- 
tor), -etum (e. g. rosetum) ? 

2. Decline alacer, supplex, iste, qualis, unusquisque. 
Compare rnger, suavis, dives. What is the Latin for four, 
forty, four hundred, fourth, fortieth, four hundredth ? What 
is the significance of the ending -ax (e. g. ferax) ? -eundus 
(e. g. verecundus) ? 

3. Give the principal parts of cupio, cubo, tego, foveo, 
vincio, veho. Inflect the Future Indicative of redeo and 
morior ; and the Present Subjunctive of suspicor and malo. 

4. Give all the rules for the construction of names of 
towns. What classes of verbs in Latin are constructed 
with the Genitive case ? What classes with the Ablative ? 
What is the difference of meaning between the Imperfect 
and Pluperfect tenses of the Subjunctive in Conditional 
Sentences ? How are clauses in English introduced by 
that to be translated into Latin ? What is the difference 
between ne and ut non ? Write down the following words 
in four columns, and mark the quantity of every syllable : 
fieri, arbores, habere, desinit, fiebat, venerunt, eveho, laborat, 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 93 

improbus, dederint, perbrevis, diei, victrices, congredi, nomen, 
dedecori, cupidine, auditur, non, dbstulerunt, peritus, requi- 
reres, dirutus, maritimus. 

X. 

1. Decline locus, sol, vis, mare, motus. Give the gender 
of each with the rule. What classes of nouns of the 
third declension form their Genitive plural in -ium. 

2. Decline uter. Give the Ablative singular and Geni- 
tive plural of celeber, crudelis, supplex. Compare cams, 
humilis, parvus. Form adverbs from ceger and crudelis, 
and compare them. Give, in Latin, the multiples of ten 
from twenty to one hundred inclusive. Decline aliquis. 

3. Give the principal parts of verto, veto, gaudeo, vincio, 
vinco. Inflect the singular of the Present Subjunctive 
Active of verto and veto ; of the Future Indicative Pas- 
sive of vincio ; and of the Imperfect Subjunctive of eo. 

4. What Latin prepositions are followed by the Ablative 
case ? By w T hat case are in and sub followed ? With what 
case or cases are the following verbs respectively con- 
structed : impero, pudet, doceo, obliviscor, ignosco ? What 
do utinam adsit and utinam adesset respectively mean ? 
Give the rules for the Subjunctive mood in the following 
sentences : 1. Nemo est qui te non metuat. 2. Fortis est qui 

j te non metuat. 3. Dicit adesse hominem qui te non metuat. 
Write out the following words, and mark the quantity of 
all the syllables : transituros, sustulit, oceanus, congredi, 
virorum, reducit, tradiderint, mare, Cwsare, ruina, humilis, 
victrices, acceperas, hostilis, ratus, nemini, tenebris, reliquod, 
nomina, requiris, graviora, distrahit, antiquus, mentitur. 

XI, 

1. Decline triumvir, crinis, dies, cubile, imago, domus. 






94 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Give the gender of each noun, with the rule. Give the 
rules for the formation of the Genitive plural of the third 
declension. Give the meaning of the terminations -He (e. g. 
caprile), -ium (e. g. collegium). 

2. Decline totus, dulcis, plus, quisquam. Compare capax, 
nequam, pauper. Give the Latin for ten and multiples of 
ten as far as one hundred. Form adjectives from Roma, 
Athence, civis. 

3. Give the principal parts of depromo, jaceo, verto, or- 
dior, jacio, spondeo. Inflect the Perfect Subjunctive Pas- 
sive of audeo ; the Imperfect Subjunctive of fio ; the 
Present Subjunctive Passive of domo ; the Imperative of 
ordior. 

4. Give the rules for the cases that follow the verbs 
potior, pudet, doceo, egeo, ignosco. Mention the various 
constructions by which a Purpose may be expressed in 
Latin. Give the rules for the use of the Subjunctive in 
Eelative Clauses. When is a Dactylic Hexameter called 
Spondaic ? 

XII. 

1. Decline Lucius, puppis, manus, bos, September, giving 
the gender of each noun with the rule, and marking the 
quantities of the final syllables throughout the declension 
of the first three. Give the rules for the genders of the 
following nouns : os, sermo, lapis, dies, exemplar. 

2. Decline acer, par, fortis, idem. Compare similis, 
pulcher, parvus. What are the meanings of the termina- 
tions -lentus (e. g. opulentus), -ax (e. g. minax), -His (e. g. 
humilis) ? Give the Latin for eleven, nineteen, seventy-six ; 
seven, fourteenth, twenty-fifth. 

3. Give the principal parts of Icedo, sero, seco, ccedo, 






LATIN GBAMMAB. 95 

gaudeo, cado. Inflect the Present Subjunctive Active of 
l&do ; the Future Passive of sero ; the Imperative Passive 
of ccedo. 

4. What case or cases follow the following verbs respec- 
tively: condemno, celo, poznitet, pareo, interest? Write in 
Latin "at Cannae"; "to Cannae"; "from Cannae"; "at 
Rome." Translate : 1. Si Caesar adest, laetor. 2. Si adsit, 
laeter. 3. Si adesset, laetarer. 4 Si adfuisset, laetatus 
essenx 5. Si adfuerit, laetabor. 

XIII. 

1. Write down the following words and mark the quan- 
tity of the penult, giving the rules of prosody : tempora, 
responderunt, dederint, discedo, iniquus, oceanus, remanet, 
egi, impedit, manus, brevis y cervices, protulit, nolite, vectigal. 

2. Meaning of termination -etum in rosetum ? Of -olus 
in filiolus ? Of -ax in loquax ? Of -mentum in tegmentum ? 

3. Write the Perfects and Supines of diligo, reperio, ma- 
neo, perfundo, indulgeo, cedo, ccedo, cado, moveo, cognosce 

4 Compare acer, bene, magnus, similis, gravis. 

5. Give the Present Subjunctive and Future Indicative 
Third Person Singular of sum, cerno, eo, malo, caveo, venio. 

6. Decline sedile, fructus, homo, vir, ingenium, melior. 

7. Decline aliquis, alter, ipse. 

8. What is the Latin for five? Fox fifth? For five 
times ? For fifty ^ ? fiftieth ? fifty times ? Write in Latin : 
One man in every ten. 

XIV. 

1. Give the gender of each of the following nouns, and 
the rule for it : pax, pactio, manus, munus, salus, ager, pes. 

2. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantity of 



96 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

the penultimate and final syllables in each form : filius, iter, 
domus, dies. Give the rules for the formation of the Abla- 
tive singular and Genitive plural of the third declension. 

3. Decline solus, fortis, idem, quidam. Compare ingens, 
similis, sacer. Give the meanings of the following endings 
of nouns and adjectives: -ula (cornicula), -ium (ministe- 
rium), -etum (saxetum), -icius (patricius). 

4. Give the principal parts of the verbs /undo, veto, verto, 
voveo, sancio, ccedo. Give the Third Person Singular of the 
Present Subjunctive Active, and of the Future Indicative 
Passive of veto, verto, and sancio. Inflect the Imperfect 
Subjunctive Passive of facio, and the Future Indicative 
Active of transeo. 

5. By what cases respectively are these words followed : 
occurro, condemno, sub, fruor, noceo ? 

XV 

1. Decline poema, domus, turris, Baice, marking the quan- 
tity of all penultimate and final syllables. Give the gender 
of each and the rule. Write the Vocative singular and 
the Dative and Accusative plural of dea, genius, locus. 

2. State the significance of the terminations in vehi- 
culum, orator, virtus, docilis. Give the word from which 
each is derived, and the rule for the quantity of the penult. 
Translate istic, istuc, istinc. What kind of a verb is cito ? 
Account for the quantity of its penultimate vowel. Give 
the principal parts of tono, potior, vivo, fido, vincio, and 
faveo. 

3. What case or cases follow similis, fungor, recordor, in, 
inter, interest? What classes of verbs are followed by 
both Genitive and Accusative ? What two constructions 
may follow circumdo ? 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 97 

4. Give the rules for the Subjunctive after ut, utinam, 
cum, dum, and quod (because). What is the meaning of 
quominus, and after what expressions is it used ? When 
may an Infinitive with its Subject Accusative stand inde- 
pendent in a sentence ? When may the Subject of an In- 
finitive be in the Nominative ? 

XVI. 

1. Decline deus, alius, tu, siquis, and audax, marking 
the quantity of penultimate and final syllables. Compare 
audax, multus, and nequam. Compare adverbs formed 
from audax, tonus, miser, and honorificus. Give the rules 
for the gender of formido, caput, pax, fas, and Tiber is. 

2. Inflect the Future Indicative and Present Subjunctive 
of teneo, gero, sto, and fio, marking the quantity of all the 
syllables. Give the Infinitives of tollo and scribo. Give 
all the Participles of haurio and orior. Give the principal 
parts of uro, vendo, jparo, pario, pareo, memini, and nan- 
ciscor. 

3. What case or cases follow fido, jubeo, memini, pros- 
sum, existimo, paznitet, contra, clam, and the interjection 
? By what two cases may price or value be expressed, 
and when is one used and when the other ? What case 
follows the comparative when quam is omitted ? When is 
it necessary that quam be expressed ? Give five important 
rules for the Ablative without a preposition after verbs. 

4. When is ut omitted before the Subjunctive ? Give 
the rules for the Subjunctive in Eelative Clauses. Trans- 
late into Latin, " The plan of setting the city on fire," using 
first the Gerund and then the Gerundive. Plan, consilium. 
To set on fire, inflammare. 



98 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XVII. 

1. Decline together f rater metes. Also decline in the 
singular, with the proper gender of the adjective annexed, 
nox {units), fides (Punicus), mare (tderque), Orion (nimbosus), 
marking the quantity of penultimate and final syllables. 
Decline in the plural, marking the quantities in the same 
way, ensis (pugnax), portus (tutus), finis (extremus), mos 
(vetus). Give the rule for the gender of each of the above 
nouns. What is an Epicene Noun ? Give the significance 
of the terminations -ax in (pugnax), -osus in (nimbosus), 
also of -urio in (esurio), and -sco in (rubesco). Form an 
abstract noun from solus. Compare pugnax, extremus, 
vetus. Compare adverbs formed from cams, malus, similis. 

2. Give the principal parts of reperio, ordior, cupio, 
circumdo, aufero, tango, arcesso, marking the quantity of 
the penult. Inflect (marking the quantity of the penult) 
the Future Active Singular of maneo and venio ; and the 
plural of the Present Subjunctive Passive of facto and 
peto. Give all the Infinitives and Participles of purgo, 
pergo, morior ; and inflect the Imperative Active of dico. 

3. What case or cases follow 6b, occurro, moneo, gaudeo, 
irascor, sub, pudet, pro, prozditus ? Give the rules for 
verbs which govern two Accusatives. In what ways may 
the agent be expressed ? State in what ways the construc- 
tion of names of towns differs from that of other name 
of places. Give all the rules for the Subjunctive, denoting 
either purpose or result ; after quasi and priusquam ; in 
the Indirect Discourse. 

XVIII. 

1. Decline together in the singular Marcus Tullius Cicero 
senex. In the same way decline (both in singular and 






LATIN GRAMMAR. 99 

plural) with the adjective annexed in the proper gender, 
dies (fastus), flumen {aureus) ; in the plural : arma (victrix), 
dea (immortalis), Mark the quantity of all the vowels in 
the above nouns and adjectives. State the significance of 
the terminations -men in (flumen), -eus in (aureus), trix 
in (victrix.) What classes of words of the third declension 
form the Ablative in -i only ? 

2. Give the principal parts of adjuvo, nolo, venio, pacis- 
cor, sperno, foveo, mordeo, scindo, marking the quantity of 
the penultimate vowel. Give the synopsis of mordeo and 
paciscor ; give all the Infinitives and Participles ; and inflect 
the Imperatives. 

3. Give all the rules you remember for verbs that govern 
the Dative. State the case or cases by which the price, 
the source, time when, and place where (including names 
of towns), are expressed, and give the rules. Give the 
rule for the Subjunctive in the following sentences : Quid 
enim, Catilina, est quod te jam in hac urbe delectare possit ? 
Nunc ego mea video quid intersit. Supplicatio decreta est 
his verbis quod urbem incendiis liberassem. C. Sulpicium 
misi qui ex sedibus Cethegi, si quid telorum esset, efferret. 
O fortunate adoleseens qui Homerum praeconem in veneris. 

XIX. 

1. Decline in the singular : fades, idem, ovile, sidus 3 
filius. Decline in the plural : portus, dea, navis. Write the 
gender over the nouns (rules not required), and mark the 
quantity of all penultimate and final syllables. 1. Give 
the significance of the terminations -He in ovile ; -men in 
gestamen. 2. Form an abstract noun from felix; from 
ceger. 3. Form a noun denoting the masculine agent from 
adjuvo, and a frequentative verb from cieo, and account for 



100 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

the quantity of their penultimate vowels. 4 Compare 
humilis, juvenis, and adverbs formed from felix and ceger. 

2. 1. Give the principal parts of cado, ccedo, tono, re- 
perio, curro, pasco, paciscor, marking the quantity of the 
penult. 2. Give all the Infinitives and Participles of abeo, 
ulciscor ; the Present Indicative of fio ; the Future Indica- 
tive Active and the Present Subjunctive Passive of munio, 
with the quantity of all the penults. 

3. 1. What case or cases follow super, tenus, recordor, 
fruor, similis ? 2. Give the principal parts of parco and 
confido, and the case that follows each. 3. Give the rules 
for the two cases after pudet, do, doceo, moneo. 4 Give 
the Latin for " at home," " at Carthage/' " from Carthage," 
" from Italy," " to Athens." Tu discessu ceterorum nostra 
tamen, qui remansissemus csede te contentum esse dicebas. 
5. Give the rules for discessu and ccede. What is the 
antecedent of qui ? 

4 1. Give the rules for the Subjunctive after dum, cum, 
quominus. 2. Would ne or ut non follow restat and moneo, 
respectively ? Why ? Statuisti quo quemque proficisci 
placeret, .... dixisti paululum tibi esse etiam nunc 
morae, quod ego viverem. Reperti sunt duo equites Ro- 
mani qui te ista cura liberarent. Idoneus est qui impetret 
quern legatum velit. Exclusi eos quos tu ad me salutatum 
miseras. 3. Explain the Subjunctives in the above sen- 
tences ; the tense of impetret 4. Give the rule for salu- 
tatum. 

XX. 

1. Decline soror, vir, vis, vulnus, animal. Give the 
gender of each of these nouns, with the rule. Mark the 
quantity of all the penultimate and final syllables you write 
in this section. Give the Genitive plural of gens and hostis, 
with the rules. 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 101 

2. Decline sacer, acer, alius. Compare similis, superus, 
parvus, juvenis. Form and compare adverbs from acer, 
alius. Decline idem, tu, and aliquis. Give the Latin 
numerals for sixty, seventy, eighty, six hundred, seven hundred, 
eight hundred. 

3. Give the principal parts of vinco, vincio, spondeo, 
domo, lacesso, cazdo, audeo. All the Participles and In- 
finitives of adipiscor and few. The Second Person Singular 
of the Future Indicative and of the Imperfect Subjunctive 
of audeo, audio, fugio, eo, possum, volo. Mark all penul- 
timate and final syllables you write in this section. 

4. How is price or value expressed in Latin ? time in 
which ? place where ? What case or cases follow the verbs 
miseret, obliviscor, ignosco, fungor, rogo, respectively ? 

5. What is a Spondee ? an Iambus ? What is an Heroic 
Hexameter ? 

XXI. 

1. Decline mare, pignus, cor, fructus. Give the gender 
of these nouns, with the rules. Mark the quantity of any 
increments that occur in their declension. 

2. Compare humilis, niger, malus. Give the synopsis of 
morior and gaudeo. Give the Second Person of the Future 
Indicative, and of the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Sub- 
junctive of spew, few, volo, in the Active Voice. The same 
offacio and audio in the Passive. Give the principal parts 
offateor, tono, peto, vincio, colo, tango. 

3. Compare diu. Form and compare an adverb from 
brevis. What are the meanings of the terminations of 
copiosus, civilis, audacia, victrix ? What cases follow infero, 
pcenitet, parco, careo, fruor, tenax, fretus, in, ante, super ? 

4 How is the place to which, the price ; the agent of 
a Passive verb expressed in Latin ? 



102 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. How is a condition contrary to the fact expressed in 
Latin ? State one case in which a Kelative Clause requires 
the Subjunctive. One case where the Subjunctive is used 
in Principal Clauses. What is a Gerundive ? Give an 
example. 

XXII. 

1. Decline Penelope, mons, cubile, and give the gender 
with the rules. Mark the quantity of penults and final 
syllables of the above words. Decline uterque. Decline 
acer, and compare it. Form an adverb from it, and com- 
pare it. 

2. Compare senex and munificus. Give the derivation 
of filiolus, documentum, quercetum, audax, capesso, and the 
meaning of the terminations. Give all the Participles and 
Infinitives of vereor and ccedo, and mark the quantity of 
the penults. Inflect the Imperative of few, ordior, nolo, 
fateor. Give the Present and Imperfect Subjunctive First 
Person Singular of adjuvo, eo, soleo, and fugio, marking the 
quantity of the penults. Give the principal parts of pario, 
pareo, paw, reddo, redeo, surgo, and of the compound of ah 
and few. 

3. What case or cases follow refert, irascor, circumdo ? 
How do the constructions of names of towns differ from 
those of other words ? How is the degree of difference ex- 
pressed in Latin ? How the agent by the participle in -dus ? 
What construction is used after verbs of Saying ? Verbs 
of Fearing ? How may a Purpose be expressed ? How 
does a Gerund resemble a noun ? How does it resemble a 
verb ? How does the Gerundive differ from it ? 

XXIII. 
1. Decline filius, pectvs, manus, animal. Give the gen- 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 103 

ders and mark the quantity of all penultimate and final 
syllables. Give the gender and the Ablative singular and 
Genitive plural of imago, mons, vis, turris, sedile. Decline 
capax, mger, and the comparative of miser. Compare facilis, 
acer, and an adverb formed from piger. Decline uterque. 

2. Give the First Person of the Future Indicative, and all 
tenses of the Subjunctive of possum, pario, sono, vereor, eo, 
soleo. Mark quantities of penults. Give the Infinitives 
and Participles, Active and Passive, of spondeo, morior, 
paro, qucero, queror, adipiscor. 

3. Explain the force of the derivative terminations in 
longitudo, tenax, vehiculum, Priamides, clamito, vinolentus, 
filiolus. 

4. What is the construction in Latin of the place in 
which (including names of towns) ? the price or value ? the 
degree or measure of difference between objects compared ? 
the agent in the Passive Voice ? What case or cases follow 
credo, pudet, fungor, refert, aptus, avidus, dignus, in, pro, 
propter, doceo, condemno, circumdo I 

5. How is a future condition with its conclusion ex- 
pressed ? How a condition contrary to fact ? How an object 
clause after a verb of Fearing ; of Commanding ; of Saying ? 
Translate cave eas and explain the peculiarity. When can 
you use the Gerundive for the Gerund ? Give an example 
of each. Give an example of the use of the Supine. 

XXIV. 

1. Decline the following words, and give their genders 
respectively : onus, collis, salus, gradus. Decline felix, qui- 
dam, senex. Compare parvus, beneficus. Form and com- 
pare an adverb from acer. 

2. Give a synopsis of mordeo, scio t in the Active Voice, 



104 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

and of hortor, orior, polliceor, nolo. Give the principal 
parts of paw, pario, pareo, ulciscor, pango, tollo. 

3. What are the meanings of the derivative terminations 
in acritudo, clamito, vinculum, parvulus ? 

4. What case or cases follow moneo, prosum, rogo, in, 
prceter ? What is the force of num in a question ? of ne ? 
Explain the mood and tense of mansisset in, " Mansissetque 
utinam fortuna." Explain the mood of esset and the case of 
fronde in " Nos delubra miseri, quibus ultimus esset ille dies 
velamus fronde." Explain the mood of polliceantur in " Ad 
eum legati veniunt, qui polliceantur obsides dare." With 
what other constructions could the same idea be expressed ? 
What is the use of the supine in -um ? in -u ? Explain con- 
struction of usui and fore in " Magno sibi usui fore arbitra- 
batur." Describe the feet of two syllables. Mark the 
quantity of the penults and last syllables in the above 
extracts. 

XXV. 

Translate the following extract: — 

Imitatus est homo Eomanus veterem ilium Socratem, 
qui cum omnium sapientissimus esset sanctissimeque vixis- 
set, ita in judicio capitis pro se ipse dixit, ut non supplex aut 
reus sed magister aut dominus videretur esse judicum ; quin 
etiam cum ei scriptam orationem disertissimus orator Lysias 
attulisset, quam si ei videretur edisceret ut ea pro se in 
judicio uteretur, non invitus legit et commode scriptam esse 
dixit. 

Decline veterem, magister, judicum, ei. 

Compare invitus, sanctissime. 

Give the principal parts of imitatus, vixisset, attulisset, 
edisceret, uteretur. 

Give all the Participles and Infinitives of scriptam esse. 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 1C5 

What are the derivations of Bomanus, orationem, orator, 
and the meaning of the derivative terminations in each ? 

What is the construction (i. e. where are they made and 
why) of omnium, se, videretur (in each of the two cases), 
edisceret, ea, scriptam esse, ei (first one), attulisset ? 

What are the principal rules for the change from Direct 
Discourse to Indirect ? 

XXVI. 

Translate: — 

Sin autem quis requirit, quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec 
tarn sero Uteris mandaremus, nihil est, quod expedire tarn 
facile possimus. Nam, cum otio langueremus, et is esset 
reipublicae status, ut earn unius consilio atque cura gubernari 
necesse esset ; primum, ipsius reipublicae causa, philoso- 
phiam nostris hominibus explicandam putavi, magni existi- 
mans interesse ad decus et ad laudem civitatis, res tarn 
graves tamque praeclaras Latinis etiam literis contineri. 
Eoque me minus instituti mei pcenitet, quod facile sentio, 
quam multorum non modo discendi, sed etiam scribendi, 
studia commoverim. Complures enim, Graecis institutioni- 
bus eruditi, ea, quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communi- 
care non poterant, quod ilia, quae a Graecis accepissent, 
Latine dici posse dimderent. Quo in genere tantum pro- 
fecisse videmur, ut a Graecis ne verborum quidem copia 
vinceremur. 

Decline civibus, decus, status, quis, graves. 

Compare minus, graves. 

Give the principal parts, Active and Passive (if any), of 
requirit, impulerit, sentio, diffiderent, eruditi, vinceremur. 

Give the synopsis of didicerant, commoverim, pcenitet. 

Explain construction (where made and why) of possimus, 
esset, hominibus, magni, me, instituti, scribendi, commoverim, 
diffiderent. 



106 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXVII 

Translate (omit any words you do not remember, but 
give their construction) : — 

P. Scipionem, Marce fili, eum, qui primus Africanus ap- 
pellatus est, dicere solitum scripsit Cato, qui fuit eius fere 
eequalis, numquam se minus otiosum esse quam cum otio- 
sus, nee minus solum quam cum solus esset : magnifica 
vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna ; quae declarat 
ilium et in otio de negotiis cogitare et in solitudine secum 
loqui solitum, ut neque cessaret umquam et interdum con- 
loquio alterius non egeret; ita duse res, quae languorem 
adferunt ceteris, ilium acuebant, otium et solitude Vel- 
lem nobis hoc idem vere dicere liceret. 

1. (a) Give the principal parts of the verbs from which 
come the forms solitum, scripsit, loqui, egeret, acuebant, liceret, 
vellem. (b) Give the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Sub- 
junctive, and all the participles of the same verbs, (c) Mark 
the quantity of each penult in the forms you have given. 

2. Decline cequalis, solus, viro, idem. 

3. Compare primus, minus, vere. 

4. Account for mood and tense of dicere, solitum, esset, 
cessaret, vellem, liceret. 

5. Account for case of eius, vox, viro, otio, conloquio, nobis, 
ceteris. 

6. Explain derivation of azqualis, otiosus, magnifica, ne- 
gotiis, solitudine, cessaret, conloquio, acuebant. 

7. Mark the feet and quantities and explain the metre 
of the following lines : — 

Cetera labuntur celeri caelestia motu 

Cum caeloque simul noctesque diesque feruntur. 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 107 

XXVIII. 

Translate : — 

M. Atilius Eegulus, cum consul iteruni in Africa ex in- 
sidiis captus esset duce Xanthippe- Lacedcemonio, impera- 
tore autem patre Hannibalis Hamilcare, iuratus missus est 
ad senatum, ut, nisi redditi essent Poenis captivi nobiles 
quidam, rediret ipse Karthaginem. Is cum Romam venis- 
set, utilitatis speciem videbat, sed earn, ut res declarat, fal- 
sam judicavit ; quae erat talis : manere in patria, esse 
domui suae cum uxore, cum liberis, quam calamitatem ac- 
cepisset in bello, communem fortunae bellicae judicantem 
tenere consularis dignitatis gradum. Quis haec negat esse 
utilia ? quern censes ? magnitudo animi et fortitudo negat. 
Num. locupletiores quaeris auctores ? 

Decline together Atilius Regulus ; captivi nobiles qui- 
dam; speciem falsam. 

Give principal parts of the verbs from which come red- 
diti essent, rediret, manere, qumris. 

Give the Present and Perfect Subjunctive (1st Person) 
and all the participles of the above verbs, and inflect the 
Future Indicative. 

Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of 
all the Latin words you have written. 

Explain the derivation and force of derivative ending of 
the words auctores, nobiles, utilitatis, consularis, utilia, fal- 
sam, bellicaz. 

What is the stem and what the root of magnitudo ? An- 
alyze the word by derivation as far as you can. Do you 
know any other words in Latin or other languages from the 
same root ? 

Explain construction of Pcenis, duce y Romam, domui, for- 
tunes. 



108 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Explain mood of redditi essent, rediret, manere, accepisset. 
Mark the quantities and divide into feet the following 
lines. What verse and metre are they ? 

Quodcumque attigerit, siqua est studiosa sinistri 

Ad vitinm mores instruet inde suos. 



FRENCH. 109 



FEENCH. 

I 

I. Charles XII. eprouva ce que la prosperite a de plus 
grand et ce que l'adversite a de plus cruel, sans avoir ete 
amolli par l'une ni ebranle par l'autre. Presque toutes 
ses actions, jusqu'a celles de sa vie privee, ont ete bien au 
dela du vraisemblable. C'est peut-etve le seul de tous les 
homines, et jusqu'ici le seul de tous les rois, qui ait vecu 
sans faiblesse ; il a porte toutes les vertus des heros a un 
exces ou elles sont aussi dangereuses que les vices opposes. 

II. II a ete le premier qui ait eu l'ambition d'etre con- 
querant sans avoir l'envie d'agrandir ses Etats ; il voulait 
gagner des empires pour les donner. Sa passion pour la 
gloire, pour la guerre, et pour la vengeance, l'empecha d'etre 
bon politique, qualite sans laquelle on n'a jamais vu de con- 
querant. Avant la bataille et apres la victoire, il n'avait 
que de la modestie ; apres la defaite, que de la fermete ; 
dur pour les autres comme pour lui-meme, comptant pour 
rien la peine et la vie de ses sujets aussi bien que la sienne : 
homme unique plutot que grand homme, admirable plutot 
qu'a imiter. Sa vie doit apprendre aux rois combien un 
gouvernement pacifique et heureux est au-dessus de tant de 
gloire. 

III. Charles XII. etait d'une taille avantageuse et no- 
ble ; il avait un beau front, de grands yeux bleus remplis 
de douceur, un nez bien forme, mais le bas du visage desa- 
greable, trop souvent defigure par un rire frequent qui ne 
partait que des levres ; presque point de barbe ni de che- 



110 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

veux : il parlait tres-peu, et ne repondait souvent que par 
ce rire dont il avait pris l'habitude. On observait a sa 
table un silence profond. II avait conserve dans l'innexi- 
bilite de son caractere cette timidite qu'on nomme mau- 
vaise honte ; il eut ete embarrasse dans une conversation, 
parce que, s'e*tant donne tout entier aux travaux et a la 
guerre, il n' avait jamais connu la society. — Voltaire. 

1. Translate II. and III. of the above. 

2. State mood and tense of italicized verbs in I., and 
give them in full. 

3. Give the principal tenses of devoir, connaitre, appren- 
dre, vivre. (Thus, Infin., etre ; Pres. Part., itant ; Past 
Part., ete; Pres. Ind., je suis ; Pret., je fus) 

4 Using mostly the words of I., translate into French : 
(a) Charles has lived in adversity, (b) This man is dan- 
gerous, (c) All heroes have not lived in the greatest pros- 
perity, (d) Have you re-read (relu) what you have writ- 
ten (&rit) ? 






ARITHMETIC. Ill 



ARITHMETIC. 

I. 

1. Eeduce f, ^g, ^, and ^ to their Least Common De- 
nominator. 

2. Divide J£l by 42. Divide | of if by T 4 T of f|. 

3. Eeduce » of 3 T of A to its simplest form. 

4. Eeduce ^ of a gallon to the fraction of a gilL 

5. Add J J, and ^ off 

6. How long must $ 133 be on interest (simple) at 7 per 
cent to gain $ 32,585 ? 

7. What is the compound interest on $ 1,000 for 3 years 
at 7 per cent (interest payable annually) ? 

8. What is the cube of J ? of .006 ? 

9. Divide 46.08 by 1,000. Divide 1.096641 by 15.21. 

10. What is the square root of 104.8576 ? 

1L What is a Circulating Decimal ? Give an example 
of a Circulating Decimal. 
12. What are Duodecimals ? 

II. 

1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 48 and 130. 

2. Eeduce £, J, ^, and \^ to their Least Common De- 
nominator. 

3. What part of ^ is £ ? 

4. Subtract 15J from 18|. 



112 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. Divide 1^ by 1J. Multiply the same. 

6. Divide £ of f- of 2J by ^. 

7. Write l-^- and 2 T a g in a decimal form. Give the 
division in decimals of the first by the second. 

8. Divide .09 by .0016. Multiply them. 

9. Divide 876.196 by 2.12. If the decimal point were 
moved, in the first, two places to the left, and, in the second, 
one place to the right, how many times greater or less 
would the quotient be ? 

10. Find the square root of 49.2804 

11. What is the fourth power of 2 ? of 0.2 ? of .02 ? 

12. If a man travels 64 rods in .05 of an hour, how many 
minutes will it take him to go a mile ? 

13. Find the simple interest on $1,000 for 1 yr. 2 
mos. and 12 ds. 

14. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 
4 in. long, 2 ft. 3 in. wide, and 4 in. thick? (Multi- 
plication of Duodecimals.) 

III. 

1. What is the Least Common Multiple of 20, 24, and 
36? 

2. Add £, |, 2^, and 3-^. 

3. Multiply 48 by &. Divide T % by &. 

4. Eeduce - — tJ-^ — - to its simplest form. 

5. Eeduce J- of a bushel to the fraction of a pint. 

6. Eeduce 5 yds. 2 ft. 6 in. to the decimal of a rod, 
long measure. 

7. Multiply 34.27 by 60,000. Divide 10634.16 by .4506. 



ARITHMETIC. 113 

8. At what rate per cent must $ 370 be put on interest 
to gain $ 5^.50 in three years ? 

9. Wh^t is the amount of $25 for 3 yrs. 5 mos. at 
impound interest ? 

10. What is the third power of 30 ? of .03 ? 

11. What is the square root of 104.8576 ? 

12. What are the contents of a granite block that is 8 
ft. 9 in. long, 3 ft. 2 in. wide, and 2 ft. 5 in. thick ? (Multi- 
plication of Duodecimals.) 

IY. 

1. What is the Greatest Common Divisior of 1181 and 
2741? 

2. Reduce f , ^ and ^ to a Common Denominator. 

3. Divide J of ^ by T \ of |-|. 

4. Add jj|, |, and ^ of f 

5. Eeduce ff of a gallon to quarts, pints, etc. 

6. Multiply 4 lbs. 8 oz. 16 dwt. 20 gr. by 72. 

7. Find the interest on $ 76.72 from April 18, 1852, to 
January 26, 1855, at 6 per cent. 

8. What principal at 6 per cent will amount to 
$ 360,585 in 16 months ? 

9. Multiply .427 by 345. 

10. Divide 87.69 by 47, also by .47. 

11. What is the square root of 747.4756 ? 

12. Give an example of a Continued Fraction. 

V. 

1. Name all the Prime numbers in the series of numbers 
between 1 and 30 inclusive ; resolve all the Composite 



114 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

numbers into their Prime Factors ; and name all the perfect 
squares, cubes, and other powers in the same series. 

2. From | of § take J of f . 

3. Divide j| X 721 by § of f of 9f . 

4. Eeduce 9 rds. 1 ft. and 6 in. to the fraction of a furlong. 

5. Multiply 8.764 by 40.015. 

6. What is the square of 11 ? of .11 ? 

7. Divide 769.428 by 200 ; by .00002. 

8. Transform the Infinite Decimal .216 into its equiva- 
lent Vulgar Fraction. 

9. What quantity of boards will be required to lay a floor 
14 ft. 8' 3" in length and 13 ft. 6' 9" in width ? (Multiplica- 
tion of Duodecimals.) 

10. Find the square root of 4190209. 

11. Find the interest on $76.72 from April 18, 1852, to 
January 26, 1855, at 6 per cent. 

12. If $ 50 gain $ 5.60 in 3 yrs. 6 mos., at simple in- 
terest, what is the rate per cent ? 

13. Give an example of a Continued Fraction. 

VI. 

1. What are the Prime Factors of 360 ? 

2. What part of a mile is one inch ? 

97 

3. Eeduce 3 | to a Simple Fraction. 

4. Add -| of a pound, f of a shilling, and £ of a penny 
together. 

5. What is the product of £ of fj of 15, and if of llf ? 

6. Divide 100 by 4J, 

7. What is the square of 10.01 ? 






ARITHMETIC. 115 

8. Divide .1 by .0001. Divide 10 by .1. 

9. Eeduce -fa to a decimal. Reduce T |^ to a Circulating 
Decimal. 

10. What is the interest on $ 1461.75 for 4 yrs. 9 mos. 
at 8 per cent ? 

11. The interest on $437.21 for 9 yrs. 9 mos. is 
$127,884 : what is the rate of interest ? 

12. Find the square root of 4.426816. 

VII. 

1. What is the Least Common Multiple of 21, 36, 50, 
and 64 ? 

2. Add together f , Jf , and -j 4 ¥ , and from their sum sub- 
tract T \. 

3. Multiply f| by T % f 2\. 

4. Eeduce T \ of a furlong to inches. 

5. Multiply 200.043 by 2.021. 

6. Divide 9.00081 by 900 ; 4004004 by .002 ; .000624 
by 324. 

7. What are the contents of a granite block 12 ft. 2' 3" 
long, 6 ft. 8' 9" wide, and 4 ft. 9' 2" thick ? 

8. What is the amount of $ 5216.75 from January 21, 
1860, to July 3, 1863, at 8 per cent, compound interest? 

9. Find the cube of 10.1 ; of 1.01. 

10. Find the square root of 49.87604. 

11. Define a Circulating Decimal and give an example. 
What is a Continued Fraction ? 

12. What is the difference between an Arithmetical and 
a Geometrical Progression ? 



116 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

VIII. 

1. What is a Prime Number ? Find the Prime Factors 
of 4800. 

2. What Prime Factors compose the Greatest Common 
Divisor and the Least Common Multiple of several 
numbers ? Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the 
Least Common Multiple of 84, 126, and 140. 

3. From f- of ^ subtract -fo of 1^. 

4. Divide A of ¥ of 3% by j^_- 

5. Give the rule for pointing off in the multiplication of 
decimals, and explain the reason. 

6. Multiply 0.0400268 by 0.260075. 

7. Divide 0.011825369 by 5.884. What is the quotient 
of 118253690 by the same divisor ? 

8. Eeduce ^fo" to a Circulating Decimal Verify the 
result by reducing it back to a Vulgar Fraction. 

9. Eeduce 0.845 of a mile to furlongs, rods, feet, and 
inches. 

10. The interest on $ 127.50 from June 26, 1798, to May 
8, 1802, was $36,975 : calculate the rate of interest. 

11. Find the square root of 7.333264. 

12. Find the cube root of 96702.579. 

13. If 6 men can build 20 feet of a stone-wall in 10 
days, how many men can build 360 feet of the same wall 
in 90 days ? 

IX. 

1. Reduce 10917 to the product of its Prime Factors. 

2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 720, 336, and 
1736 ; Least Common Denominator of ff , ^, ^ 



ARITHMETIC. 117 

3. From 36^- take f 

4. Multiply f of ^ of 4J by %3 ^ lf - What part of || 

yards is |- of an inch ? 

5. Give the rule for pointing off in multiplication of 
decimals, and explain its reason. 

6. Eeduce 0.0007648267 to a Vulgar Fraction. 

7. The product of three numbers = 70.04597 ; two of 
them equal 3.91 and 3.0005 respectively. Find the third. 

8. Eeduce the Infinite Decimal 0.81247 to a Vulgar 
Fraction. 

9. Find the amount of $1000 for 2 yrs. 2 mos. 12 
ds., compound interest, at 6 per cent, payable annually. 

10. Find the square root of 39.037504. 

11. Find the cube root of 0.000000148877. 

12. Find the third power of 3 ; of 0.3 ; of 0.003. 

13. If a family of 9 persons spends $ 305 in 4 months, 
how many dollars will maintain it 8 months, if 5 persons 
more were added to the family ? Multiply 10 ft. 3' 2" by 
6 ft. 7' 8". 

X. 

1. What is a Prime Number ? When are two numbers 
prime to each other ? What Prime Factors compose the 
Greatest Common Divisor and the Least Common Multiple 
of several numbers ? Find the Greatest Common Divisor 
and Least Common Multiple of 156, 234, and 260. 

2. From ^ of If subtract ^ of ■£$ ; reduce the answer 
to its lowest terms, and reduce it to a decimal. 

3. Divide l£ of £ of If by w ^- 






118 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

4. Seduce J^f £# to its lowest terms. Eeduce ^ l| , T 4 g, 
^, and g X Q to their Least Common Denominator, add them, 
and reduce the sum to its simplest form. 

5. Multiply 6.4 by 1.5. Multiply 0.64 by 0.15. Divide 
701.5 by 2.806. Divide 0.7015 by 280.6. Eeduce the last 
answer to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction. 

6. The number 209.069673692836 is composed of three 
factors, of which two are 20083.6 and 0.260075. Find the 
third factor. 

7. State the rule for pointing off in the multiplication of 
decimals, and give its reason. 

8. Eeduce the Infinite Decimal 0.0136 to its lowest terms 
as a Vulgar Fraction, and verify the result by reducing 
back to a decimal. 

9. Calculate the date at which a sum of $ 450, which was 
put at simple interest at 8 per cent, December 30, 1797, 
amounted to $ 642.30. 

10. Eeduce 6 fur. 30 r. 6 ft. 7^ in. to the decimal of a 
mile. 

11. Divide 5 cwt. 12 lbs. 4 oz. by 7. Multiply 2 ft. 3' 7" 
by 9ft. 5' 11". Eeduce £17 9s. 3d. to Federal money, 
taking 4 s. 6d. = $l. 

12. Find the proportion in which sugars worth 5 cents 
and 8 cents a pound must be taken to form a mixture worth 
6f cents a pound. 

13. How many digits compose the 3d power of a number 
containing two digits ? What is the reason of your 
answer ? What is the third power of 3 ? of 0.3 ? of 0.03 ? 
of 30? 

14 Find the cube root of 39512.447416. 

15. Find the square root of 13 to five places of decimals. 



ARITHMETIC. 119 

16. If 3 men can build a wall 60 feet long, 8 feet 
high, and 3 feet thick, in 64 days of 9 hours, how many 
days of 8 hours will 20 men require to build a wall 400 
feet long, 9 feet high, and 5 feet thick ? 

XI. 

1. Which of the numbers 5, 9, 13, 18, 21, 25, are Prime 
Numbers ? and which of them are prime to the number 10 ? 

2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
Common Multiple of 630, 840, and 2772. 

3. From | of f f subtract %\ of 2| ; reduce the answer to 
its lowest terms ; and reduce it to a decimal. 

4. Divide || of Y % X 13| by ^|. 

5. Multiply 76000 by 1.05. Multiply 0.076 by 0.0105. 
Divide 2926.5 by 0.3902. Divide 29.265 by 390.2. Se- 
duce the last answer to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction. 

6. Reduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.27, 0.0127, 0.0027, 0.0027. 

7. Calculate the date at which a sum of $234, which was 
put at simple interest at 9 per cent, October 25, 1798, 
amounted to $ 351. 

8. Reduce 6 fur. 30 r. 6 ft. 7| in. to the decimal of a mile. 

9. Find the cube root of 9358 to two places of decimals. 

10. If 6 men can build a wall 80 feet long, 10 feet 
high, and 9 feet thick, in 100 days of 9 hours, how many 
days of 10 hours will be required by 15 men to build a 
wall 200 feet long, 9 feet high, and 5 feet thick ? 

XII. 

1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and Least Com- 
mon Multiple of 144 and 780. 






120 EXAMINATION PAPEES. 

2. Eeduce J, f , ■£%, and l| to their Least Common De- 
nominator. 

3. What part of £ is f ! 
4 Subtract 15 J from 18f. 

5. Divide 1J by 1J. Multiply the two together. 

6. Divide \ of f of 2J by ^. 

7. Write lg 1 ^- and 2 T 1 6 - in a decimal form. Give the 
division in decimals of the first by the second. 

8. Divide .09 by .0016. Multiply them. 

9. Divide 876.196 by 2.12. If the decimal point were 
moved, in the first, two places to the left, and, in the 
second, one place to the right, how many times greater or 
less would the quotient be ? 

10. Find the cube root of 51 to three places of decimals. 

11. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals, 0.2343,0.002343, 0.012343, 
0.002343. 

12. If a man travel 64 rods in .05 of an hour, how many 
minutes will it take him to go a mile ? 

13. Find the simple interest on $1000 for 6 yrs. 4 
mos. and 15 ds. at 8 per cent. 

14. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 4 
in. long, 2 ft. 3 in. wide, and 4 in. thick ? 



XIII. 

1. Eeduce fffo" o * ^ s l° wes t terms. 

2. Eeduce ■£$, \%, -£%, ^, and g 1 ^ to their Least Common 
Denominator ; add them, and reduce the result to a deci- 
mal form. 






ARITHMETIC. 121 

1 f 2 X 

3. Divide T 9 ^ of T 7 ^ of 8J-, by 18 i • Simplify, and re- 
duce to lowest terms by cancelling. 

4. Multiply 37900000 by 2.005. Multiply 0.0379 by 
0.2005. Write the numbers 37900000 and 0.0379 in 
words. 

5. Divide 1909.14 by 0.02708. Divide 190.914 by 
27080. 

6. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals, 0.0081, 0.0081, 0.1081, 
0.108. 

7. Find the simple interest on $1000 for 5 yrs. 4 
mos. and 15 ds. at 20 per cent. To how much will 
$ 1000 amount in 4 years, at compound interest, at 20 per 
cent? 

8. Eeduce 5 fur. 33 r. 9 ft. 10 1 in. to the decimal of a 
mile. Eeduce £ 17 8 s. 9 d. to Federal money, taking 4 s. 
|d. = $l. 

9. Multiply 2 ft. 3' 7" by 9 ft. 5' 11". 

10. Find the cube root of 77869 to three places of 
decimals. Find the square root of 0.5 to five places of 
decimals. 

XIV. 

1. Eeduce ^| f|$ to its lowest term. What is a Prime 
number ? When are two numbers said to be prime to each 
other ? 

2. Find the value of £ — 1 -\~ 4| -f- \ -| -f- xV » an( ^ reduce 
the result to its lowest terms, and also to a decimal form. 

3. From 3|- subtract U^- of ^ of 1|\ -r-^% Simplify 
by cancelling. 



122 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

4. Multiply 2.708 by 0.007005. What is the product 
of 2.708 by 70050000 ? Write the numbers 0.007005 and 
70050000 in words. 

5. Divide 283891.3 by 0.07084. What is the quotient 
of 2.838913 divided by 708.4 ? 

6. From 1 sq. rd. 5 sq. ft. subtract 7 sq. yd. 139 sq. in. 
Divide £ 32 16 s. 3 d. by 7. 

7. Reduce 44920.9025 hours to years (of 365 days), 
days, hours, minutes, and seconds. 

8. Find the cube root of 0.61 to five places of decimals. 
Find the square root of 79000 to three places of decimals. 

9. Reduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.00054 and 0.20054. 
Add 0.03 to 0.462, expressing the result as an Infinite or 
Circulating Decimal. 

10. A certain sum of money was put at simple interest 
at 9 per cent, December 21, 1790. At what date did it 
become tripled ? 

XV. 

1. What is the Greatest Common Divisor of two num- 
bers ? of 4760 and 3432 ? 

2. Subtract £ of f from § of ~| } add to the remainder ^g, 

divide the result by 6-J, and change the quotient to a deci- 
mal. 

3. Divide 0.000647808 by 6.72. Write the quotient in 
words. 

4. I owe three notes bearing interest from date : the first, 
dated June 1, 1866, is for $450.00; the second, dated Dec. 
17, 1866, is for $ 750.00 ; the third, dated March 15, 1867, 



ARITHMETIC. 123 

is for $600.00. I wish to substitute for these a single note 
for $ 1800.00: what should be the date of it ? 

5. Find the square root of 0.9. 

6. Find the cube root of 751089.429. 

7. Find the cube of 4 ; of 0.4 ; of 0.0004. 

8. A sum of money was put at interest, at 7^ per cent, 
October 30, 1866 : at what date will it be tripled ? (A 
year = 365 days.) 

9. If 4 men dig a trench 84 feet long and 5 feet wide in 
3 days of 8 hours each, how many men can dig a trench 
420 feet long and 3 feet wide in 4 days of 9 hours each ? 

10. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 4 
in. long, 2 ft. 5 in. wide at one end, 2 ft. 1 in. wide at the 
other, and 4 in. thick ? 

11. In what proportion shall sugars worth 7 and 12 cents 
a pound be taken to form a mixture worth 9J cents a 
pound ? 

XVI. 

1. What is the Least Common Multiple of two or more 

numbers ? of 48, 98, 21, and 27 ? 

2. Add gx and dp divide the result by 7Jf, and 
change the quotient to a decimal 

3. A certain bank declares a semiannual dividend of 4 
per cent : what can I afford to pay for its shares if I wish 
to get 6 per cent a year for my money ? 

4. Eeduce .445 of an acre to rods, feet, and inches. 

5. Divide 0.0018891 by 3.75. Write the quotient in 
words. 

6. Find the cube root of 748613.312 ; of 0.27. 



124 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

7. Find the square of 0.9 ; of three inillionths. Write 
the results in words. 

8. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 16 ft. 4 in. 
long, 1 ft. 7 in. wide, and 4^- in. thick ? 

9. A, B, and C hire a pasture for S 92. A pastures 6 
horses for 8 weeks, B 12 oxen for 10 weeks, and C 50 cows 
for 12 weeks. Now, if 5 cows are reckoned as 3 oxen, and 
3 oxen as 2 horses, how much shall each man pay ? 

10. If 496 men, in 5 days of 12 h. 6 m. each, dig a trench 
of 9 degrees of hardness, 465 feet long, 3J feet wide, and 4J 
feet deep, how many men will he required to dig a trench 
2 degrees of hardness, 168J feet long, 7J- feet wide, and 2-J 
feet deep, in 22 days of 9 hours each ? 

XVII. 

1. What is the Least Common Multiple of two or more 
numbers ? What is the Least Common Multiple of 3150 
and 2310 ? 

3 

2. From \ of If take <^r, add to the remainder f, and 
divide the result by 6f- . 

3. Divide 0.00091471 by 9.43. Write the quotient in 
words. 

4. How many yards of carpet which is f of a yard wide 
does it require to cover a floor 17 feet long and 16 feet 6 
inches wide ? 

5. Eeduce 0.758762 acres to square rods, square feet, etc. 

6. Find the square root of 0.002539 to five places of deci- 
mals. 

7. Find the cube root of 0.15 to three places of decimals. 

8. What is the interest of $ 875.26 from October 10, 
1866, to July 10, 1868, at 7 T 3 o per cent ? 



ARITHMETIC. 125 

9. One metre (in Long Measure) = 39.37 inches. Ex- 
press one foot in the metric system, both in Long Measure 
and in Square Measure. 

XVIII. 

1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
Common Multiple of 340200, 583200, and 2268000. 

2. From ^\ of 2-f subtract the product of 0.075 and 11 
and divide the remainder by 12. Eeduce the result to its 
lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction, and also to a decimal 
form. 

3. Divide 10 times (l of j^ of 9^) by ^ 

4. Divide 189695.4 by 2.708. What is the quotient of 
0.01896954 divided by 2.708 ? Write the latter quotient 
in words. 

5. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.0036 and 0.0136. Add 
0.07 to 0.382, expressing the result as an Infinite or Circu- 
lating Decimal. 

6. A certain square field contains 38.75 acres. Compute 
the length of one side of the field in metres. Given one 
square metre = 1550 square inches. 

7. The sum £ 46 6 s. 8 d. was put at interest at 4 per cent 
on the 20th June, 1868. Eequired the amount on the 5th 
May, 1875. 

8. Find the cubic root of 77869 to three places of decimals. 

9. At what rate of compound interest will $ 2500 amount 
in 3 years to $ 4320 ? At what rate of simple interest ? 

XIX. 

1. Eeduce i\VAtV to ^ s l° west terms. What is a 



126 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

Prime Number ? When are two numbers said to be prime 
to each other ? Eeduce the numerator and denominator of 
the above fraction to their Prime Factors. 

2. From 5 J subtract |j -f- (^ of % of 4j\ 

3. Divide 33368949.63 by 0.007253. What is the 
quotient of 3336.894963 by 72530 ? What is the third 
power of 0.1 ? of 100 ? Write these answers in words. 

4. Find the cube root of 0.0093 to five places of decimals. 
Find the square root of 531.5 to three places of decimals. 

5. Eeduce to their lowest terms as vulgar fractions the 
Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.225, 0.00225, and 
0.25225. Eeduce -I to a Circulating Decimal. 

6. From 1 sq. rod 5 sq. ft. subtract 7 sq. yd. 139 sq. in. 

7. Find the amount of £ 50 12 s. 5 ds. at simple interest 
at 8 per cent, at the end of 5 yrs. 2 mos. and 3 ds. 

8. One metre = 39.37 inches. Compute from this datum 
the value of 4 miles in kilometres. 

XX. 

1. Divide two thousand five hundred one and four tenths 
by four thousand one hundred twenty-five ten millionths. 
Divide 1.29136109 by 184.3, and write the quotient in 
words. 

2. How do you divide one Vulgar Fraction by another ? 
Give the rule and the reason of the rule. Illustrate by 
an example. 

71 3y- 

3. From the sum of ^ and ~ 2 ~ subtract J 4, and divide 

13 i 6- -* 

the result by the product of 3£ and 2^. 

4. Find the cube root of 10 to four places of decimals, 






ARITHMETIC. 127 

5. Find the square root of 0.0000001. 

6. A merchant sold a quantity of goods for $ 29900. He 
deducts five per cent from the amount of the bill for cash, 
and finds that he has made fifteen per cent, on the invest- 
ment. What did he pay for the goods ? 

7. What is the compound interest on £ 47 13 s. 6 d. for 3 
yrs. 4 mos. 15 ds., at 3 J- per cent ? 

8. How many feet of board in a plank 17 ft. long, 22 
inches wide at one end, 13 inches wide at the other, and 
4 inches thick ? 

9. Write the tables for Long Measure and Square 
Measure. 

XXI. 

1. Reduce 179487 to the product of its Prime Factors. 

2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 13212 and 
1851. 

3. To divide by a Vulgar Fraction : give the rule and the 
reason of the rule. 

4. Find the sum of the following numbers : fifty-seven 
and three thousandths ; three hundred and sixty-four 
hundred thousandths ; forty-seven thousand and eight thou- 
sand and seven hundred thousandths ; eighty-seven hundred 
millionths ; four hundred and twenty-seven ten thousandths. 

5. Divide (21 X -j 3 ^) by (2\ — If), and reduce the result 
to a decimal. 

6. What is the difference between Bank Discount and 
True Discount ? Give an example. 

7. Bought $ 1500 worth of goods, half on 6 months' and 
half on 9 months' credit. What sum at 7 per cent inter- 
est, paid down, would discharge the whole bill ? 



128 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

8. Find the cube root of 0.29 to three places of decimals. 

9. The interest on £ 50 12 s. 6 d. for a year is £ 1 15 s. 
5-Jd. What is the rate per cent ? 

10. A cubical vat measures 9 feet in each direction : what 
is its capacity in Litres ? (Given 1 metre = 39.37 inches.) 

11. In the Metric System of Weights and Measures 
what is the unit of length ? of surface ? of volume ? of 
weight ? How are they related to each other ? 

XXII. 

1. Divide four millionths by four millions, and write the 
quotient in words. 

2. The metre =39.371 inches: compare the kilometre 
with the mile. 

3. Change -§- to a decimal, and extract the cube root to 
four places. 

4. Express 38 sq. rods, 21 sq. yards, 5 sq. feet, 108 sq. 
inches, in decimals of an acre. 

5. The capital stock of a certain bank is $500,000, and 
directors have declared a dividend of 4 per cent. The sum 
set aside from the profits to meet this dividend is subject 
to a revenue tax of 5 per cent. What sum must be set 
aside in order that the stockholder may receive a dividend 
of 4 per cent on his stock ? 

6. From ffi X ** subtract % 

7. A man has a bin 7 ft. long, 2\ ft. wide and 2 ft. deep, 
which contains 28 bushels of corn ; how deep must he 
build another, which is to be 18 ft. long, 1 ft. 10 J in. 
wide, in order to contain 120 bushels ? (Solve this question 
by analysis, and give your reasoning in full.) 






ARITHMETIC. 129 

8. What is the present worth of $ 10,000, due three years 
hence, at 7 per cent compound interest ? 

9. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 1274, 2002, 
2366, 7007, and 13013. 

10. How do you verify your work when you have multi- 
plied together two large numbers ? Give an example to 
illustrate your method. 

XXIII. 

1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
Common Multiple of 13860 and 38500. What is the 
Least Common Multiple of 15, 18, and 35 ? When are two 
numbers said to be prime to each other ? 

2. Divide 2X by | of f^j — i \ Simplify by cancelling. 

3. Reduce to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction 
0.05405. Reduce -$$ to a Circulating Decimal. 

4. Find the number of cubic inches (to the nearest tenth) 
in the British imperial gallon, which contains 10 pounds 
of water. Given 1 gramme = weight of 1 cubic centimetre 
of water, 1 cubic metre = 35.3 cubic feet, 1 kilogramme = 
2.2 pounds. 

5. Find the square root of 0.076 to six significant figures. 

6. A rectangular field measures 30 rods and 6 feet by 21 
rods and 11 feet. Find its area in acres, roods, rods, and feet. 

7. Find the sum on which the interest at 9 per cent for 
5 years 1 month and 18 days is $ 947.10. 

8. Find the interest on one pound sterling at 5 per cent 
for one year ; for one month. 

XXIV. 
1. What is the Greatest Common Divisor of 1872 and 
432 ? Obtain the answer, if possible, by factoring. 



130 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

2. What is the smallest sum of money that can be made 
up either of 2-cent, of 3-cent, of 5-cent, of 10-cent, or of 
2 5 -cent pieces ? 



3. Add | to (vi +if»\ 



4. By a pipe of a certain capacity a cistern can be 
emptied in 3^ hours ; in what time can it be emptied by 
a pipe the capacity of which is -| greater ? 

5. Find the value of 7 acres 35 rods 127 feet of land, 
at $ 108.15 per acre. 

6. How many litres are there in a rectangular vat 2.8 m. 
long, 2 m. wide, 5 dcm. deep ? 

7. Find the square root of 0.9 to four places of decimals. 

8. My agent sells for me 2000 yards of cloth at 24 cents 
a yard. He allows the purchaser 5 per cent discount for 
cash, and charges me 2 J per cent on the cash receipts. 
How much money does he pay over to me ? 

XXV. 

1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 187 and 153. 
Also the Least Common Multiple of the same t #o numbers. 

2. Multiply 108 billionths by two thousand, and extract 
the cube root of the product. 

3. Add i to ^=^ . 

4. A cellar is to be dug 30 feet long and 20 feet wide : at 
what depth will 50 cubic yards of earth have been re- 
moved ? 

5. What is the amount of $ 340 at 8 per cent for 1 year 
3 months, the interest being compounded semiannually ? 

6. A man receives $ 18 for six days' work of 8 hours 






ARITHMETIC. 131 

each ; what should he receive for 5 days' work of 9 hours 
each? 

7. A cistern is 4 metres long, 24 decimetres wide, and 
80 centimetres deep. How much water will it hold in 
cubic metres ? In litres ? In cubic centimetres ? In 
grammes ? In kilogrammes ? 

8. I have a rectangular lot of land, 64 rods long and 36 
rods wide, and a square lot of the same area ; how many 
more feet of fencing will be needed for the former lot than 
for the latter ? 

XXVI. 

17 4 -gJ 

1. Add 5 of yt to f|. 

2. Multiply 0.145 by 0.297, and give the answer as a 
Circulating Decimal. 

3. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 43700 and 
9430. Also obtain their Least Common Multiple. 

4. I buy one fifth of an acre of land for $2178. For 
how much a square foot must I sell it, in order to gain 
twenty per cent of the cost ? 

5. The kilogramme equals 2 lb. 8 oz. 3 dwt. 2 gr. How 
many centigrammes equal one grain ? 

6. What is the present worth of $ 678.75, due 3 years 8 
months hence, at 7 per cent compound interest ? 

7. Multiply the square root of 0.173056 by the cube root 

of 15 6 2 5 
01 32768' 

8. A can do a certain piece of work in 10 days, working 
8 hours a day. B can do the same work in 9 days, working 
12 hours a day. They decide to work together, and to 
finish the work in 6 days. How many hours a day must 
they work ? 



132 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXVII 

1. Divide 0.75 by || X 0.081. 

2. Find the least common multiple of y 1 ^, -j^, 2 J, 5, 
and 6J. 

3. A and B, 44 miles apart, travel towards each other. 
A travels ^- of the whole distance, while B travels £ of 
the remainder. How far are they then apart ? 

4. In what time will $ 680, at 4 per cent simple inte" 
est, amount to $ 727.60 ? 

5. How many cubic yards are there in a cistern the 
dimensions of which are 64 dcm., 225 cm., and 3.75 m. ? 

6. If 9 men build 247y 2 g- rods of wall in 28 days, in 
how many days will 8 men build 51 rods ? 

7. What is the difference between the square root tind 
the cube root of 1771561 ? 

8. A can do a piece of work in 10 days, A and C can 
do it in 7 days, A and B can do it in 6 days ; in how many 
days can B and C together do it ? 

XXVIII. 

1. The sum of * X ^ 83 * and 2 %* f is how many 

times the difference ? 

2. How many kilometres are there in 2 m. 6 fur. 39 rd. 
5 yd. ? 

3. What common fraction equals the sum of 0.18 and 
0.307692 ? 

4. A cube contains 79507 cubic inches. How many 
square inches does its surface contain ? 






ARITHMETIC. 133 

5. Having purchased an acre of land, I sell from it a 
rectangular lot, 121 yds. long, and 25 yds. wide, for what 
the whole acre cost me. What per cent do I gain on the 
land thus sold ? 

6. A collector who charges 8 per cent commission on 
what he collects pays me $534.75 for a bill of $775. 
What amount of the bill does he collect ? 

7. A can travel around a certain island in 2 T 2 g- days, B 
in 3^ days, C in 3J days. If they set out at the same 
time from the same point, and travel in the same direction, 
in how many days will they all come together at the start- 
ing-point, and how many times will each man have gone 
around the island ? 



134 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



ALGEBEA. 

I. 

1. Multiply a 3 + 2 a 2 x + 2 aa? + ie 3 by a 3 — 2 a 2 x + 

2. Divide 1 by 1 — m 2 , finding five terms of the series. 

3. Divide — 6 x± + 96 by — 3 x + 6. 

4 Divide 4( " 2 ~ 3 y + 5) by 2 a (* + y ). 

5. Find the greatest common divisor of numerator and 
denominator, and reduce the fraction 5 . , to its lowest 

terms. 

n -r.. ., ab — bx .. ac — ca; 

6. Divide - — r — by ; . 

a+p J a+p 

7. Eeduce 1 ^—. — = to the form of a fraction. 

cr -\- x L 

8. A farmer sells to one man 5 cows and 7 oxen for 
S 370, and to another, at the same rate, 10 cows and 3 
oxen for $ 355. Eequired, the price of a cow and that of 
an ox. 

9. What is the fourth power of — 3^? 2 q 2 ? 

10. What is the third root of — 729 a Q b s c 12 ? 

11. Find (2 a — &) 4 by the Binomial Theorem. 



II. 

1. Multiply a 6 + 3 a i b 2 — 5 a 2 6 4 by 7 a 4 — 4 a 2 b 2 + b\ 

2. What is the value of — (10 — 3 a?) (10 + 3 a 3 ) ? 

3. Divide 12 a 4 b Q — 14 a h b Q + 6 a 6 6 3 — a 7 by 2 a 2 6 3 — a 3 . 



ALGEBRA. 135 

ryA nA 

4. Eeduce 1 - ir - -. — «-r-« — ~ = — ~ to its lowest terms. 

(% 2 + f) (x 2 —2xy-\-y 2 ) 

5. Eeduce - -j 5 — 7 — = to its simplest 

b ' cd bed r 

form as a single fraction. 

6. Divide - — *-* by jr= „, and reduce the answer to 

9m 3 3/ 2 J 27 my 2 

its lowest terms. 

7. Find the value of x in terms of a, b, c, from the equa- 
tion — = . What does this value become 

b a 

when a = 2, b — — 1, and c = 3 ? 

8. The sum of the distance passed over by two locomo- 
tives, the first running 6 hours and the second 4 hours, is 
228 miles ; but the second goes 24 miles more in 8 hours 
than the first goes in 12 hours. Find the distance each 
goes in an hour ? 

9. (_7^^) 2 = what? ^(— 51^) = what? 

10. Find by the Binomial Theorem (a — b) Q and (1 — 
3^) 6 . 

III. 

1. From 5a?b + 3b 2 c — 7c*de take — 6a 2 b—(4:(?de 
-~-46 2 c). 

2. Multiply x 2 + x y + y 2 by x 2 — x y + y 2 - 

3. Divide aJ* — y* by x — y. 

4. Eeduce - t — , • , , ' , \ — — ^ to its lowest terms. 

(x + y) (x 2 — 2xy-\-tf) 

5. Add together 3 x -\ — g- and x ^-. 

6. Multiply x — ^i? by a 2 — ^±^. 



136 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

7 Divide X{a + h) by a *~ h * 

/. uiviae ^_ 1 Dy^ 2 _ 2 ^ +r 

8. Divide the number 75 into two such parts that three 
times the greater may exceed seven times the less by 15. 

9. What is the fourth power of — ^ — ? 

07 7,9 

10. What is the third root of — ? 

X 

11. Find (b — 2 c 3 )± by the Binomial Theorem. 



IV. 

1. Eeduce a + b — (2 a — 3b) — (5a + 7b) — (— 13a 
-f- 2 5) to its simplest form. 

2. Multiply a s + b 2 — c by a 2 — 6 3 . 

3. Divide — 1 -j- a 3 n 3 by — l-)-aw. 

a ,2 



4. Eeduce to one fraction — j— ^ -j" 

a - 

5. Multiply a -\ by x 



a + 2 ' a — 2* 



_ a 2 + 2a6 + 6 2 , a 2 — 6 2 

6. Divide ^ 4 _ y4 by ^— ? . 

7. How much money have I when the fourth and fifth 
part amount together to $ 2.25. 

8. Find the fifth power of — 2 a\ 

a s b 20 c* 

9. Find the fourth root of 1fi 12 16 . 

10. Find (5 a — 4tx ) 4 by the Binomial Theorem. 

V. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
ax + b (x + c) + c 2 — [(a — b) x — (b — c) (b + c)]. 

2. Multiply x + 2y — 3s by x — 2y + 3s. 



ALGEBRA. 137 

3. Divide 8a 2 — 12 a 5 + 8a 4 + 18a 3 — 30 by 6— 4a 2 . 

. ~ , . 3 8 20* — 4 . . , 

4 Combine T _ 1 _ - 3-^ - j—^ in a single 

fraction, and reduce it to its lowest terms. 

5. Divide x 2 + -% — 2 by x . 

6. Find (a — 5) 4 and (- — 2 y 2 J by the Binomial 
Theorem. 

7. Solve the equation - : — 7 = -, in which a 

■"- a a -J- o a — 6 

and b denote known quantities. Find also the value of x 
when a =■ — 1, b = 3. 

8. Find a certain fraction which is such that if 3 be sub- 
tracted from both numerator and denominator, the value of 
the fraction becomes \, and that if 11 be added to both 
numerator and denominator, the value of the fraction be- 
comes -§. 

9. Solve the equations 2x — y = 5, Sy — 2 z = — 13, 

2z — 4* = 2. 

10. Verify the answers of ISTos. 7, 8, and 9, by showing 
that they satisfy the original conditions. 



VI. 

1. From 6 ac — 5ab + c 2 subtract 3 ac — [3 ab — 
(*-<?) + 7 c]. 

2. Divide 28 a 2 — 6 a 3 — 6 a 5 — 4 a 4 — 96 a + 264 by 
Sa 2 —4:a + ll. 

3. Eeduce - — ' a ~ 2 , ^ ~\ , 19V to its lowest terms. 

(a — b) (a 2 -f- 2 a b -f- b 2 ) 

4. From 3 x + T take a; . 

o c 



138 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. Divide » 2 , — -p-p by — , , and reduce the an- 
swer to its lowest terms. 



6. Multiply (-|f 3 ) 4 by ^(-8-5?)- 



7. Find (a; — ?/) 5 and (a 2 — 3 5) 5 by the Binomial Theo- 
rem. 

8. Find a number from which if 5 be subtracted J of the 
remainder will be 40. 

9. Solve the equations x — 6z= 6 — 2y, Sx — 5y = 20, 
4z = 5x — 27. 

10. Verify the answers to Nos. 8, 9, by showing that 
they satisfy the original conditions of those problems. 

VII. 

1. From 4 a 2 x — (2 abc — 4 be -f- 8d) subtract 8 abc — 
(4 a 2 x — 2d) -{-abc. 

2. Multiply x 2 -\- x y + y 2 by x 2 — x y -f- y 2 . 

3. Divide 3 a 4 — 8a 2 b 2 + 3a 2 c 2 + 5 6 4 — Sb 2 c 2 by 
a 2 — 6 2 . 

4. Eeduce ~, , f 2 w" 2 ** *// . ?a to its sim " 

(a 2 — 2 a b -f- b 2 ) (a 2 — b 2 ) (a + b) 

plest form by inspection. 

5. From x ^~- take 2 x -\ •. 

2 ■ c 

6. Divide by / . M2 - 

a 2 + 2 a b -J- 6 2 J (a -f- b) 2 

7. Divide ^~ 6 ^ a862 by (—2a 2 b C 3 ) 5 . 

8. Subtract (a — 2 6) 5 from (a + 2 6) 5 . Use the Bi- 
nomial Theorem. 

9. In a mixture of wine and cider one half the whole 



ALGEBRA. 139 

plus twenty-five gallons was wine, and one third part minus 
five gallons was cider; how many gallons were there of 
each ? 

10. Solve the equations % + 7 y = 99, | + 7x = 51. 



VIII. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
(a 4- l) x — (h — c ) c — [{b — x) b — (b — c) (b + c)] 
— ax. 

2. Multiply 2 x z — 3 xy + 6 y 2 by 3 a? + 3 ^y + 5 f. 

3. Divide 40 a + 8 c& — 50 a 2 — 8 by 5 a — 2 a 2 — 2. 

4. Give the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
same quantity, and explain its reason. Example : x m X 
of 1 = what ? 

5. Eeduce the following expression to a single fraction, 
having the least possible denominator : ' — - 

( L X ) 1 X 

1 — X 



(l + xf 

6. Divide , , o ■ by — ^= 3. 

IS c 3 y 2 J 27 cxy* 

7. Find by the Binomial Theorem the first four terms of 
(a-J)20andof(l_!^) 20 

8. Find the value of x in the equation x — a = 

— -J- — , in which a, b, c, d, and e denote known quanti- 
ty de 

ties. Find, also, what the value of x becomes when a = 

— 3, b = 0, c = — 2, d — — 2, e = 4 ; and verify it for 
this case by showing that it satisfies the equation. 

9. A and B have together f as much money as C ; B and 



140 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

C have together 6 times as much as A ; and B has $ 680 
less than A and C together have : how much has each ? 
Eliminate by comparison ; and verify the answers by show- 
ing that they satisfy the given conditions. 

IX. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
ab — c (x — 6) — [(x -f- c) (x — c) — c (b — {c — x}) 

— x 2 ]. 

2. Into what two factors can the following expressions 
be severally resolved : (4:X 6 y 2 — 25 x 16 ) ; (m 3 — n 3 ). 

3. Multiply 6a 3 — 2a 2 b + ±atf by 2a 2 b— 5ab 2 — 3b 3 . 

4. Divide 9X 2 — 6x*— 45a; + 3 ^+54 by 3z+3^ 

— 9. 

5. State the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
same quantity, and give its reason. Examples : af* X x" = 
what ? (x m X x n y = what ? 

6. Eeduce to one fraction (with least possible denomina- 

tor ) Ti ZSi + i " + 



(1 — xf ' 1 — x ■ 1 + X l—x 2 ' 

4 a 3 b 5 2 c b 5 

7. Divide . ,, Q >a by — _ _. ft ; and raise the quotient to 

the second power. 

8. A and B are building a wall. A alone can build it in 
a days, and B alone in b days. In what time can both to- 
gether build it ? 

9. Solve the equations ±x-\-\y = ^z — 1, 2z — iy = 

28-^,^-^ = 2, + 5. 

10. Solve the equation x 2 — 5x — 6 = 0; and verify 
the answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 

11. Show that no binomial can be an exact second power. 



ALGEBRA. 141 

X. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form 
x B y 2 —(—xy 2 + x s — ^)xy — x 2 [—{f — y(xy — x 2 )}]. 

2. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
(a + b) b + c — [(c + d) (a + d) — c (a + b — 1) — 
{a+c)(d-b)l 

3. Multiply 15a 2 +18a& — 14Z> 2 by4a 2 — 2ab — b 2 

4. Divide ^SaPy 2 — 22^^ + 24^+8^— 38xfbj 
Sxy—2x 2 — 4y 2 . 

5. From ■= -. take ^ — ; — ~ 

1 — m 4 1 + mr 

6. Divide — ! 1 — ■ by — ! — i — : and re- 

a — x ' a + x J a — x a + x 

duce the quotient to its lowest terms. 

6 a s c 7 9 a 9 b 

7. Divide , - , 8 6 by tjtt-j ; and find the second power 

and the third root of the quotient. 

a + b b + c 

(b — c) (c — a) (a — c) (a — b) 

+ Tn — a 7"/ C — t\. What is the Least Common Denomi- 
1 (6 — a) (c — 6) 

nator in this example ? 

9. State the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
same quantity, and give its reason. x m X af = what ? 

/ /a m+n \ 

(x m X x n f = what ? (a 2 6) m = ? y (^r^) = ? Whatis 
denoted by <xi ? 

10. What is the reason that any term maybe transposed 
from one member of an equation to the other, provided its 
sign is changed ? 



8. Eeduce to one fraction 



142 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



x 



11. Solve the equation r- 7 = ;. What is 

u a a -f-b a — 6 

the value of x if a = — 2, & = 3 ? 

12. Out of a cask of wine from which a third part had 
leaked away, 21 gallons were afterwards drawn, and the 
cask was then half full. How much did it hold ? 

13. Solve the equations Sx — 5 3/ = 63, J# -f- \y ■ - - 

— 3. 

14. Solve the equations x + V — z = 29, x — 2 y + 
__ 46,-1* — Jy — i* = 4 

15. Solve the equation 2? — Sx — 10 = 0, and ve 
the answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 

(x 2 \^ 
xy 2 ) 

the Binomial Theorem. 

XL 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest 
(a + b) x — (b — c) c—[(b — x) b — (b — c) (b 

— ax. 

2. Multiply z 6 + 3 *V— 5aV by 7x* — 4:X 2 y 2 

3. Divide 23 a — 30 — 7 a 3 + 6 a 4 by 3 a — 2 t, 

4. What is the reason that when different powers 
same quantity are multiplied, their exponents are au i { 

5. Eeduce to one fraction, with least possible denoinina- 

, 1 -\- X 4:X 1 — x 

' (1 — xf ~ 1 —x 2 ~~ (1 + xf 

6. Divide 8 by , and reduce the answer to its 

y y — / y 

lowest terms. 

7. A had twice as much money as B, A gained $ 30 and 
B lost % 40, whereupon A gave B -^ as much as B had left. 



ALGEBRA. 143 

A then had what he had in the beginning and 20 per cent 
more. How much had each in the beginning ? 

8. Solve the equations 5y — Sx = — 280 — 30 z> 
x — 20 == z — y, 20 z — 4 a; = 5 y. 

9. Solve the equation 2x 2 — 7 # + 3 = ; and verify 
he answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 

XII. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form: 

_ h 2 ) e — (a — b) {a [b + c] — b [a — c]). 

|. Multiply 3x 5 y 2 — 6x*y 2 z + f by S z* y 2 + 6x*y 2 

■f. 

4 Divide 9 a 2 + 1 — ±cfi— 6 a by 1 + 2a 2 — 3 a. 

What is the reason that when different powers of the 

quantity are multiplied together, their exponents are 

1? 

Reduce — ^-x — y — ■. — ^ to its lowest terms. 

(a* -\- y*) (x* — 2xy + y 2 ) 

Reduce to one fraction with the least possible denom- 



* 



a b 2 — a 2 -\- ab 36 — a c 

b bed cd ' bd' 



'q 6x 3 y 14 y 3 z 2 

"; ivide 35^?? b y im'' and reduoe the answer t0 

h> f ] ^st terms. 

8. .Jfrd the value of x, in terms of a y b, and c, in the 

equation r = . What does this value be- 
come when a = 2, b — — 1, c = 3 ? 

9. Solve the equations £aj + 2y + 3£s = 80, 4§y — 

z — %x= 66, 5 z+ 18^— ly= 140. 

10. Solve the equation x 2 = 4:X + 60; and verify the 
answers by showing that they satisfy the original equation. 



5. Divide . . . ^ by — fi 



144 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XIII. 

1. Free the following expression from parentheses and 
reduce it to its simplest form : (x -\- a) a -\- y — [(y -f- b) 
(x + h) - y (x + a - 1) - (x + y) (b - a)]. 

2. Divide 24 x 8 y 2 + 21 xhf — 9 x 10 + 4 z 4 ?/ 6 by 2 a?*^ — 

3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
same letter are multiplied the exponents are added ? 

4. Resolve the following expression into a single fraction 
(rinding the least common denominator, and reducing the 

answer to its lowest terms) : ^ 2 _ 3ab - 1 — 16a 4_ 9a26 2 - 

15 m 8 x 5 
Ufz 1 ~ J 8x*y' 

6. Having a certain sum of money in my pocket, I lost 
c dollars, afterwards spent one ath part of what remained, 
and then found that what I had left was one bth. part of 
what I had had at the beginning. Find the original sum. 
What does the answer become if a = 3, b = 9, c = 5 ? 

7. Solve the equations Sx + \y — 5 2=0, 12 z — 19 
= 7 x, y — 7 = 12 — Sz. (If any answers are fractional, 
reduce them to their lowest terms.) 

8. Solve the equation 2x? — x — 21 = 0. Verify each 
answer by substituting it in the original equation. 

9. Find, by the Binomial Theorem, (a — b) 5 , (2 a? — y 2 ) 5 . 

XIV. 

1. Free the following expression from parentheses, and 
reduce it to its simplest form : (a — b + c) 2 — (a [c — a 

— b] — [b{a + b + c}—c{a — b — c}]). 

2. Divide bxf— 7x s y + 10^—24^ by xy — Ztf 

— 2.7?. 



ALGEBRA. 145 

3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
same letter are multiplied the exponents are added ? 

4. Eesolve the following expression into a single frac- 
tion (finding the least common denominator, and reducing 

the answer to its lowest terms) : -x I -^—. 

A X \ A —|— X 

(16 — x) x \ 

X*—4:)' 

~ _. . , 4 (a 2 — ab) . 6ab 

5. Divide -T7 — i 7 X2 by -« ts- 

6 (a -|- 6) 2 J a 2 — 6 2 

r+ « 

6. Solve the equation a — = = 0. 

1 — x 

7. A gentleman has two horses and one chaise. The 
first horse is worth a dollars less than the chaise, and the 
second horse b dollars less than the chaise. If | of the 
value of the first horse be subtracted from that of the 
chaise, the remainder will be the same as if |- of the value 
of the second horse is subtracted from twice that of the 
chaise. Find the value of each horse and that of the 
chaise. What are the answers, if a = — 50, b = 50? 

8. Solve the equations by — 2x = 4:Z-\- 13^, -|# = 
g 40 

— j — , 2 x — y + 6 z = 0. (If any answers are fraction- 
al, reduce them to their lowest terms.) 

9. Solve the equation 18 x 2 — 33 x — 40 = 0. Verify 
each answer by substituting it in the original equation. 

10. Find (a — b) 1 by the Binomial Theorem. 



XV. 

1. Reduce to its simplest form the expression a — c 
b — (c — d) e 



146 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

2. Solve the equation — Sx 2 -\- 5x = 2. 

3. Find the values of the unknown quantities in the 
equations x -f- 2y = 11, 2x + 3z = 13, 3y — 2z= 7. 

4. What are similar terms ? What is the rule for multi- 
plying together different powers of the same letter ? For 
dividing ? By the rule, what do you get for the exponent 
of a in the quotient of a 5 -f- a 3 , « 4 -f- a, a 2 -f- a 2 , a z -5- a 5 ? 
When is the square of a number larger than the number 

itself ? How do you raise fractions to powers, ( ^ ) , (~A , 
for example ? 

5. Separate # 8 — ^ into prime factors. 

6. A can do a piece of work in a days, B in b days, C in 
c days. In how many days can A and B together do it ? 
B and C together ? A and C together ? All three together ? 

7. Find the value of x in the equation 

ab 

-, in its simplest form. 



a + b 



a — b a -{- b 

8. If I buy a certain number of pounds of beef at 25 

cents a pound, I shall have 25 cents left; if I buy the 

same number of pounds of lard at 15 cents a pound, I 

shall have $ 1.25 left. How much money have I ? 



XVI. 

1 






n 4- 1 

1. Keduce to its simplest form the expression -^— -. 

1 ~";t+t 

2. Solve the equation — 2x* + 7 x — 3 = 0. 

3. Find the values of the unknown quantities in the 



.. 



ALGEBBA. 147 

z x . r x — 1 y — 2 3 — z 
equations y — - = - + 5, —^ — = -j^-,*? — 

3 4 ^ 12 

4. Separate a 8 — b 8 into prime factors. 

5. A and B can do a piece of work in a days, A and C 
in b days, B and C in c days. In how many days could 
each person do it ? 

6. What is the rule for multiplying together different 
powers of the same letter ? For dividing ? Explain the 
reason. Multiply a b by a 2 ; a m by a n . Divide a 5 by a 2 ; 
a 2 by a 5 ; a 3 by <x 3 ; a m hj a n ; 6 a by 2 a. 

7. Divide x 5 — y 5 by x — y. 

8. Find the seventh power of 3 a t- 2 b by the Binomial 
Theorem. 

XVII. 

1. Beduce the following expression to its simplest form : 

(x 2 + y 2 )z—(x + y) {x [z *- y] — y [z — x]). 

2. What is the reason that, when different powers of the 
same quantity are multiplied together, the exponents are 
added ? x m+n X x m ~ n = what ? x m+n -r- x m ~ n = what ? 
Give the square root of each of these results. 

3. Besolve the following expression into a single fraction 
(finding the least common denominator, and reducing the 

answer to its lowest terms) : -= 9 r-^ — 1. What 

' x z — y* x -J- y 

. , 100a 4 & 2 5a 2 b — 36 s 

is the most reduced value of OK A ,„ pry* — K <>, , 13 

25 a 4 6 2 — 9 6 6 5 a 2 6 + 3 b 3 

— 1? 



. 24a 8 *V, 32 «V 

4 Dmde "W by IStfT 






148 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. The owners of a certain mill make a dollars a day- 
each, sharing equally. If the number of owners were b 
less, they would make c dollars each. Eequired the num- 
ber of owners and the total daily profit of the mill. What 
are the answers if a = 80, b = — 3, c = 50 ? 

6. Solve the equations 37 + -§-# — 12 3/ = 8z -\- 55, 

2 2 

7. Solve the equation z. l = r . 

J. X ox 



(2 #2 \5 
y ) °y tne Binomial Theo- 



XVIII. 

1. Keduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
(a + b) a — (O — bf — (b — a) b). 

2. Separate n 5 — n into its prime factors. 

3. From ' „ subtract and divide the result by 

1 Xr 1 -J- Xr 

4=x 

1 +X 2 ' 

4. " In multiplication and division, like signs give pltos 
and unlike signs give minus" Explain fully why this 
is so. 

5. A can perform a piece of work in a days, B can per- 
form the same in b days, and C in c days. In how many 
days will the work be performed if they all labor together ? 

6. Solve the equations y -f- \ = = + 5, 



3 5 ' * 4 



_* + 3 2y-5 
W' X 3 A - 






ALGEBRA. 149 

it o i *i. ..90 90 27 A 

7. Solve the equation -r-j -j- ~ = 0. 

X X I X iC I - £ 

8. Find (a + bf and (l — ^ x z \ by the Binomial Theo- 
rem. 

XIX. 

1. Eeduee the following expression to its simplest form : 
(9 a 2£2_ 4 £4) (a*—b 2 ) — (3ab — 2b 2 ) (3a[> 2 +& 2 ] — 
2b[b 2 +Sab — a 2 ]) b. 

2. Divide 36 x 2 + 1 — 64# 4 — 12 & by 6 x — 1 — 8 z 2 . 

3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are 
added ? 

4. Eeduee to one fraction with the lowest possible denom- 

3a+2b 25a 2 — b 2 a 

mator j—t s u o~i- 

a -\-b a 2 — tr 2 6 

5. Divide -j — ^ i a b y , and reduce the 

xr — A x y -f- y a; — y 

answer to its lowest terms. 

6. Find x in terms of a, &, and c, from the equation 

— 5 — = . What is the value of x when a = 2, 

& = — 1, c = 3 ? 

7. A man bought a watch, a chain, and a locket for $216. 
The watch and locket together cost three times as much as 
the chain, and the chain and locket together cost half as 



much as the watch. What was the price of each ? 

8. Solve the equation — =-— — ^^ — % = 1. 
1 x -|- 12 ox — 1 

xy — x - } by the Binomial Theo- 



rem. 



150 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XX. 

1. Separate into prime factors x 5 — x. 

2. Eeduce to its simplest form 3 a 5 — 4 a z + 2 b — ca 3 
O 2 — 1) + {2 b — [7 a 5 — a s (4 — c) — a 5 (4 + c)]}. 

3. Divide a? + -5 = by x, and subtract the 

'a 2 — x 2 J a — x 

quotient from . 

u a — x 

4 It is said that when a term is transposed from one 
member of an equation to the other, its sign should be 
changed. Why is this so ? 

5. A reservoir is supplied by two pumps. Both pumps 
were worked three hours and the reservoir was found to 
be half full. On another occasion the larger pump was 
worked two hours and the smaller seven hours, when the 
reservoir was found to be two thirds full. How many 
hours required by either pump alone to fill the reservoir ? 

6. A laborer, having built 105 rods of stone fence, found 
that if he had built two rods less a day he would have 
been six days longer in completing the job. How many 
rods a day did he build ? 

7. What is Elimination ? Describe fully the several 
processes by which it can be effected, and illustrate by ex- 
amples of your own selection. 

8. What is the Binomial Theorem ? Find the seventh 
power of \a — 4 b c by aid of it. 

XXI. 

1. Eeduce to its simplest form the following expression : 
(a + b) x — (b — c) c — [(b — x) b — (b — c) (b + c)] 
— ax. 



I 

j 



ALGEBRA. 151 

^. ., 25a?b 3 x* 10 a b* 

2. Divide no 3 3 by — 1 r= -§. 

18c 3 y 2 J 21 ex if 

3. Divide 8 a* — 22 a 3 5 + 43 a 2 6 2 — 38 a& 3 + 24 &± by 
2 a 2 — 3a& + 4& 2 

4. Separate a s — x s into its prime factors. 

5. Eeduce to its simplest form the following expression : 
(I + I) (a + J) _(!i±>_i=»). 

\m n! \ 7)i n / 

6. Find, by the Binomial Theorem, the sixth term in the 
development of {a — b) 18 ; and the fourth term in the de- 

2x — -— j . 

7. Find the values of x, y, and z, from the equations 

3y — 1 _6js ^ii4 ^ j_ ^ 2 , 5 3a; -f- 1 

■ 4 - = y — g T X P -£- + y — 2/ -T g, 7 

14 "*" 6 21 "T" 3* 

8. A person performs a journey of 192 miles in a certain 
number of days ; had he travelled 8 miles more a day he 
would have performed the journey in two days less time. 
Find how many days it took him to perform the journey. 

9. Solve the equation (x — 1) (x — 2) = 6, and verify 
the results. 

XXII. 

1. Eeduce to its simplest form the expression a — (25 
+ [3 c __ 3 a __ (a + &)] + 2 a — (b + 3 c)). 

2. Separate into its prime factors the expression # 6 — y Q . 

3. Divide (a 2 — b cf + 8 b s c 3 by a 2 + b c. 

4. Solve the equation (a -\-x) (b -f- x) = (c + #) (d + a?). 

5. A can build a wall in one half the time that B can ; 
B can build it in two thirds of the time that C can ; all to- 






152 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

gether they can build it in 6 days : find the time it would 
take each alone. 

« o i *i! *• 2.1332.1,1 4 

6. Solve the equations - 4- - == -, - = 2, -+- = „• 

u x x y z z y x z 6 

» a i ^ i.- * + 2 4 — * 7 

7. Solve the equation — L — r ~ = ~. 

57 — ~ 1 A X O 

8. The length of a rectangular field exceeds the breadth 
by one yard, and the area is three acres ; find the dimen- 
sions. 

IV 



9. Expand the expression ( 2 a + r-A 



10. What is Elimination ? How many methods are you 
familiar with ? Explain them in fulL 

XXIII 

1. Simplify (a + I) (b + c) — (c + d) (d + a) — 
(a + c) (b — d). 

2. Keduce to its simplest form -z — X „ , „ X 

a 2 — 6 2 a 2 + or 



a — x 

vTa m 



3. Find the first four terms of 



\2a> 3 / 

4. Find a number such that three times its square di- 
minished by five times the number itself shall amount to 
50. Solve completely. 

5. What fraction is that which becomes equal to f when 
6 is added to its numerator, and equal to ^ when 2 is sub- 
tracted from its denominator ? 

6. Solve the equation |^| = \ - *J^J 

7. A and B find a purse of dollars. A takes out 2 dol- 



ALGEBEA. 153 

lars and £ of what remains ; B takes out 3 dollars and J 
of what then remains. They find that each has taken out 
the same amount. How many dollars were there in the 
purse ? 

8. Solve the equations 7x — Sy = a, 5x — lly = a, 
9 y — 5z = a. 

XXIV. 

1. Find the value of a ~\-2x — {b + y — [a — x — 
Q) — 2 yj\ } when a = 2, b = 3, x = 6, and y = 5. 

2. Divide J — 6 a 2 + 2 7 a 4 by £ + 2 a + 3 a\ 

x* — a 4 



3. Eeduce to its lowest terms 



x 5 — a 2 x 8 ' 



90 90 27 

4. Find both roots of the equation — 



x-\- 1 # + 2 
= 0. 

5. Expand, by the Binomial Theorem, (m — rif and 

(*--¥)'• 

Z X X — — 1 

6. Solve the equations y + « = * + 5, 

_ g-j-3 2y — 5 __ 7 ^ 

F ~T0~' * 3 ~~~ 4 ~~ ' I2' 

7. A man hires a certain number of acres of land for 
$ 336. He cultivates 7 acres for himself, and lets the rest 
for $ 4 an acre more than he pays for it. He receives for 
the portion that he lets what he pays for the whole, or 
$ 336. Find the number of acres. 

8. The value of a fraction, if its numerator is doubled 
and its denominator increased by 7, is §- ; while, if its de- 
nominator is doubled and its numerator increased by 2, its 
value is f. What is the fraction ? 



154 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XXV. 

1. A certain piece of work can be done by A and B work- 
ing together in 3f days, by B and C in 4| days, and by C 
and A in 6 days. Eequired the time in which either can 
do it alone, and the time in which all can do it together. 

2. Solve the equation — ^ — j — = r. 

Z X 1 —J— X o 

3. Solve the equation x 2 — (a — b + c) x = (b — a) c. 

a tv -a i ax + b\ a*—(b — 2x)b + 2b* _, 

4. Divide 1 — o ,' by ' ^ 2 b, 

ar -j- ax * a -\- x 

and reduce the result to its lowest terms. 

5. Divide 9 a 2n — a Zn — 27 a n + 27 by a" — 3. 

6. Divide y/^ by y/| 

7. What is the reason, that a m a n = a m+n ? 

XXVI. 

15 — x 



1. Solve the equation x — 3 = 4 x — 

X 

2. What are the three methods of Elimination ? Solve 
the following equations by any two of the three methods : 
6x + \y = 0, 2 (4tx — 1) = 3 (y — 8). 

3. M's age is to N's as a is to b ; but c years ago M's age 
was to N's as a! to V. Eequired the present ages of both. 

,i-r^-ji 2 w 1 + a? , x 3 — 5x , 

4. Divide 1 - - X ^3 by {x _ 3){x + 2) - m; and 

reduce the answer to its lowest terms. Simplify the divis- 
ion by cancelling. 

5. Tind the fourth term of la 2 b — ^-\ . 



1. Solve the equation 



ALGEBRA. 155 

XXVII. 
ax 



c bx — a c 

2. What are eggs a dozen when two more in a shilling's 
worth lowers the price one penny per dozen ? 

3. A merchant adds yearly to his capital one third of 
it, but takes from it at the end of each year $ 5,000 for his 
expenses. At the end of the third year, after deducting 
the last $ 5,000, he finds himself in possession of twice the 
sum he had at first. How much was his original capital ? 

4. Divide ija z .\Jb by ^-^. 

5. Find x from the proportion 6a m ~ 2 b : x = 15a 3 & 5 : 
40cr (m " 1) . 

6. Divide a 2 ^ -^ by - a. 

a? — 6 2 ■ b — a 

7. What is the rule for transposing a term from one 
side of an equation to the other ; and what is the reason 
of the rule ? 

8. Solve the equations 4=x -f- 3y -f~ 2z = 40, 5x — 9y — 
7z = 47, 9x — 8y — 3z = 97. 

9. Find (a — &) 7 by the Binomial Theorem. 

XXVIII. 

1. A certain sum of money at simple interest will 
amount to a dollars in m months, and to b dollars in n 
months. Find the principal and the rate of interest. Find 
the answers when a = 1837.50, b = 1890.00, m = 10, 
n = 16. 

o o i ax. i.- 27 90 = 90 

2. Solve the equation ^ . * 

x — 2 x 1 — x 



156 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

tt + n 

1+| 

3. Simplify *( a « — b% 



1-? 



4 Find (x — yf and ( -7 ^- ) by the Binomial 

Theorem. 

5. Divide 13A 2 — 5a 4 — lSast? + 6z 4 — 13a?x by 
Sax + a 2 — 2x*. 

6. Find two numbers of which the sum is a and differ- 
ence b. State a rule for finding two numbers when their 
sum and difference are given. 

7. Find the greatest common divisor and the least com- 
mon multiple of 12a 3 &c 4 and 27abc 7 d. 



ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 157 



ADVANCED ALGEBKA. 

COURSE II. 

I. 

1. Find the greatest common divisor of a 6 — cfix* and 

a 6 + a 5 x — a 4 x 2 — a 3 X*. 

3n — 3» n —n 

2. Divide a 2 — a 2 by a 2 — a 2 

3. Multiply ifaffi 

4. Divide 14 into two parts such that the quotient of the 
greater divided by the less shall be to the quotient of the 
less divided by the greater as 16 to 9. 

5. Solve the equation ^x + 8 + ^x + 3 = \fx. 

6. The sum of two numbers is 17 ; and twice the square 
of the first, increased by 30, is equal to 3 times the square 
of the second. Find the numbers. 

7. Explain the method of inserting a given number of 
arithmetical means between two given terms. 

8. Find the sum of an infinite number of terms of the 
series 4, ^ 2 , |J, &c. 

9. "What is the seventh term in the expansion of [a — x) 10 ? 

10. A and B have the same number of horses. A can 
make up twice as many teams, taking 3 horses at a time, as 
B can make up, taking 2 at a time. Find the number of 
horses. 



158 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

II. 

1. Find the least common multiple of x z — x, X s — 1, 
and X s + 1. Obtain the result, if possible, by factoring. 

2. Simplify (ai X cit)t\ 

3. Add together ^40, ^035, ^625. 

4. Find both roots of the equation 2 x -{- ^5 x -\- 10 
= 11. 

5. What two numbers are those whose difference is to 
the less as 4 to 3, and whose product multiplied by the 
less is 504 ? 

6. What is the 4th term in the expansion of Ic — j) ? 

7. The difference of two numbers is 3, and the difference 
of their cubes is 63. What are the numbers ? 

8. Obtain the formula for the sum of the terms of an 
Arithmetical Progression. 

2 2 

9. Find the sum of the series 2, ^ ^-, to infinity. 

10. How many arrangements can be made of the letters 
in the word Richmond, taking four letters in a set ? 

III. 

1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
a 2 —[2ab—{bc—(a+b — c) (a — (b — c))} + 3 ab] 
~(b + c)\ 

2. State and prove the rule for the sign of a power and 
of a root. How do imaginary quantities arise ? 

2 

3. What is denoted by a ? by a~ 3 ? by a 6 ? 



ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 159 

x 



— 1 



x i 

4. Eeduce 1 to its simplest form. 



1 — 






x+1 

5. Solve the equation ax 2 -]- 2hx + & = 0; and prove 

that the product of the roots = -. 

6. There are seven numbers in Arithmetical Progression 
such that the sum of the 1st and 5th is 16, and the product 
of the 4th and 7th is 160. Find the numbers. (This 
question admits two solutions. Both are required.) 

7. Multiply 1 _ 5 v/7 by — 2 — 3 v/7. Divide ^L jj^ 

bv^ 
y cdfc 

8. Find the sixth term of ( -^ — J b sja V 

9. Find the greatest common divisor and the least com- 
mon multiple of 6 X s — 6 x 2 — 72 x and 4 a* — 16 x 3 — ■ 
84 a 2 . 

IY. 

1. Extract the cube root of 64 — 96 x — x 6 + 40 x* — 



6 a 5 . 



2. Solve the equation ""* - 3J = 0. 

x — 1 £x 



3. Multiply together 2 + 3 V — 1, 3 — 2 y/ — 1, and 
12 — 5 /=T 

4. Three times the product of two numbers, diminished 
by the square of the first, equals the square of the second 
plus one. Also the first number is greater by one than 
twice the second. Find the numbers. (Give both solu- 
tions.) 

5. Solve the equation ax 2 + bx -f- c = 0, and state 



160 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

what relative values of a, b, and c will make the roots equal, 
and what values will make them imaginary. 

6. In an Arithmetical Progression, given the number of 
terms, the common difference, and the sum of the terms; 
— obtain formulas for the first term and the last. 

7. In a Geometrical Progression the first term is 2\, and 
the fifth term is -£. Find the sum of the series to infinity. 



8. Find the sixth term of ( * /-! 

\\ be dab/ 



a _ Vc y 



9. How many whole numbers of four figures each can 
you form, each number either beginning or ending with 5, 
and no number containing the same figure twice? 

V. 

1. What are eggs a dozen when two more in a shilling's 
worth lowers the price one penny per dozen ? 

2. Solve the equations x 3 — y 3 = 63, x 2 y — xy 2 = 12. 

3. Multiply | + IVJ by J - 7^. 

Divide , / .. _, by v _* — . 
aya.tyc.d 3 J a 8 yb 8 .c 

4. Solve the equation ^(21 + 4x) + \/(x + 3) — y/(x+ 8) 
— 0. 

5. From the letters abode, how many combinations of 2 
letters can be taken ? how many of 3 ? how many of 4 ? 
Give the reasons. 

6. Prove that the sum of any number of antecedents of 
a continued proportion is to the sum of the corresponding 
consequents as any one antecedent is to its consequent. 

7. Find the greatest common divisor of 27a^ + 3a 3 — 
lOr 2 and 162a* — 32z. 



ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 161 

8. For what values of a, b, and c is - positive, and 

6 — c 

for what values negative? For what values is it ? oo ? 
indeterminate ? 

9. Find r and n in an arithmetical progression when a, 
I, and S are known. 

VI. 

1. A certain sum of money at simple interest will 
amount to a dollars in m months, and to b dollars in n 
months. Find the principal and the rate of interest. Find 
the answers when a = 1837.50, b = 1890.00, m = 10, n 
= 16. 

2. There are three numbers in geometric progression of 
which the continued product is 64 and the sum of their 
cubes 584. Find the numbers. 

i h 
a + 

3. Simplify —? (a Q — b% 



1-? 



4. Find the greatest common divisor of 24x 7 -f- 6x 3 — 
30a: and 4=x 10 — 4^. 

5. Find the square root of 25# 6 — 20x 5 y — 6x^y 2 + 
34^ _ YYxY — 6V + 9?/ 6 . 

6. Solve the equation 2y/x — ^4x + <J7x + 2 = 1. 

7. To find two numbers when their sum and product are 
given. In what case are the answers imaginary ? How 
must a given number be divided in order that the product 
of its parts shall be as great as possible ? 

8. State and prove the Eule of Three. 



162 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



PLANE GEOMETRY. 



1. Define a Surface, a Plane, a Plane Figure, a Polygon. 
Mention all the different kinds of quadrilaterals. 

2. Prove that if two angles of a triangle are equal, the 
sides opposite these angles are also equal. 

3. How many degrees in each interior angle of a regular 
decagon ? State and prove the proposition which enables 
you to answer this question. 

4. What is the measure of an angle made by two tangents ? 
by two chords which intersect ? by two chords which do not 
intersect ? by a tangent and a chord drawn through the point 
of contact? Draw a figure for each case. 

5. What is the length of the longest line that can be 
drawn through a rectangular block of marble 12 feet long, 
4 feet wide, and 3 feet thick ? 

6. On a given line as chord, to construct an arc of a given 
number of degrees. 

7. Two tangents drawn to a circle make with each other 
an angle of 60 degrees ; how many degrees of arc between 
the two points of contact ? 

8. What is meant by the equation it = 3.1416 ? Calculate 
the difference in area between a circle whose diameter is 
20, and the square inscribed in it. 

9. Construct a triangle, having given the base, an ad- 
jacent angle, and the altitude. 



PLANE GEOMETRY. 163 

II. 

1. Define a Point ; a Surface ; a Plane ; an Angle. What 
is assumed as the measure of angles ? 

2. Prove that when two oblique lines are drawn at un- 
equal distances from the perpendicular, the more remote is 
the greater. 

3. Prove that when the opposite sides of a quadrilateral 
are equal, the figure is a parallelogram. 

4. Two angles of a triangle being given, to find the third 
by geometric construction. 

m 

5. What is the measure of an inscribed angle ? State and 
prove. 

6. Two tangents drawn to a circle make with each other 
an angle of 20° ; how many degrees of arc between the two 
points of contact ? 

7. The side of an equilateral triangle is 12 ; what is its 
altitude ? 

8. Construct a triangle, having given the base and adja- 
cent angle, and the altitude. 

III. 

1. Define a Eight Angle, a Perpendicular, Parallel Lines. 
On what does the magnitude of an angle depend ? What 
arc is assumed as the usual measure of an angle ? Why ? 

2. To inscribe a circle in a given triangle. 

3. Prove that two triangles are equal if the three sides of 
one are equal respectively to the three sides of the other. 

4. Define Similar Polygons. 

5. To find a mean proportional between two given lines. 
Prove the theorem on which your solution depends. 






164 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

6. Prove that every equilateral polygon inscribed in a 
circle is regular. 

7. The ratio of the squares described on the two legs of 
a right triangle is equal to the ratio of what two lines ? 

8. To construct a square which shall be to a given square 
in a given ratio. Take for the given ratio 2 : 3. 

9. What are the expressions for the circumference and 
area of a circle in terms of n and the radius ? 

IV. 

1. Define a Plane, a Plane Figure, a Parallelogram. 

2. Prove that, if in a triangle two angles are equal, the 
opposite sides are also equal and the triangle is isosceles. 

3. What is the measure of an inscribed angle? State 
and prove. 

4. Upon a given straight line to construct a segment 
such that any angle inscribed in it shall have a given mag- 
nitude. 

5. To find a fourth proportional to three given lines. 

6. Define Similar Polygons. Draw two polygons mutually 
equiangular, but not similar; also two polygons having 
proportional sides, but not similar. In what cases are tri- 
angles similar. 

7. Prove that any two parallelograms of the same base 
and altitude are equivalent. 

8. Prove : (a.) That similar triangles are to each other as 
the squares of their homologous sides. (6.) Prove that of 
similar polygons. 

V. 

1. Prove that the perpendicular from the centre of a cir- 
cle upon a chord bisects the chord and the arc subtended 
by the chord. 



PLANE GEOMETRY. 165 

2. To circumscribe a circle about a given triangle. 

3. Prove that two angles are to each other in the ratio of 
two arcs described from their vertices as centres with equal 
radii. 

4. Prove that a line drawn through two sides of a tri- 
angle parallel to the third side divides those two sides into 
proportional parts. 

5. State and prove the proportion which exists between 
the parts of two chords which cut each other in a circle. 
State what proportion exists when two secants are drawn 
from a point without the circle. 

6. Prove that two regular polygons of the same number 
of sides are similar. 

7. Prove that similar triangles are to each other as the 
squares of their homologous sides. 

8. Show how the area of a polygon circumscribed about 
a circle may be found ; then how the area of a circle may be 
found; then prove that circles are to each other as the 
squares of their radii. 

VI. 

1. Prove that if two opposite sides of a quadrilateral 
are equal and parallel, the other two sides are also equal 
and parallel. 

•2. To describe a circle of which the circumference shall 
pass through three given points not in a straight line. 

3. To find a fourth proportional to three given lines by a 
geometrical construction. 

4. Prove that a perpendicular dropped in a right triangle 
from the vertex of the right angle to the hypothenuse 
divides the triangle into two triangles which are similar to 
each other and to the whole triangle. 



166 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

5. To find a mean proportional between two given 
lines. 

6. To circumscribe about a circle a regular polygon simi- 
lar to a given inscribed regular polygon. 

7. Similar polygons are to each other as the squares of 
their homologous sides. What is the ratio between the 
areas of two circles ? 

8. Prove that the area of a circle of which r is the 
radius is equal to w r 2 . 

VII. 

1. Prove that if two triangles have two sides of the one 
respectively equal to two sides of the other, while the in- 
cluded angles are unequal, the third sides will be unequal, 
and the greater third side will belong to that triangle which 
has the greater included angle. 

2. Prove that the greater of two chords in a circle is 
subtended by the greater arc ; and the converse. 

3. Find the common measure of these two lines, and 
express their ratio in numbers : 






4. To divide one side of a triangle into two parts pro- 
portional to the other two sides. (Solve and prove.) 

5. The perimeters of similar polygons are to each other 
in what ratio ? (State and prove.) 

6. To circumscribe a circle about a given regular polygon. 
(Solve and prove.) 

7. Prove that the line which joins the middle points of 
the two sides of a trapezoid which are not parallel is paral- 
lel to the two parallel sides and equal to half their sum. 
What is the area of a trapezoid ? 



PLANE GEOMETRY. 167 

. 8. To construct a parallelogram equivalent to a given 
square and having the sum of its base and altitude equal 
to a given line. (Solve and prove.) 

VIII. 

1. Prove that only one perpendicular can be drawn from 
a point to a straight line. 

2. Prove that of two sides of a triangle that is the 
greater which is opposite the greater angle. State and 
prove the converse. 

3. Through a given point to draw a tangent to a given 
circle. 

4. Prove that if a line be drawn so as to divide two 
sides of a triangle into proportional parts, this line is paral- 
lel to the third side. 

5. To inscribe in a circle a regular decagon. 

6. Prove that a triangle is equivalent to half of any 
parallelogram of the same base and altitude. 

7. To find a triangle equivalent to a given polygon. 

8. To construct a parallelogram equivalent to a given 
square, and having the difference of its base and altitude 
equal to a given line. 

IX. 

1. Prove that when oblique lines are drawn from a point 
in a perpendicular to points unequally distant from the 
foot of the perpendicular, the more remote line is the 
longer. 

2. To bisect a given angle. 

3. Draw a number of lines radiating from a point, and 



168 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

then draw two parallel lines intersecting them : prove that 
the parts of these parallels are proportional. 

4. A tangent and a secant being drawn from a point out- 
side a circle, prove that the tangent is a mean proportional 
between the entire secant and its exterior part. 

5. What is the centre of a regular polygon ? Prove 
that the sides of a regular polygon are equally distant from 
the centre. 

6. The circumference of a circle is 341.8 feet; what is 
the circumference of another circle having twice the area 
of the former ? (If you have not time to perform the com- 
putation, you can explain how to do it.) 

X. 

1. In what three cases is it proved that two triangles are 
equal ? In what three cases, that they are similar ? De- 
fine similar polygons. 

2. Prove that if two opposite sides of a quadrilateral are 
equal and parallel, the other two sides are also equal and 
parallel. Define a Trapezoid. 

3. Prove that if two polygons are composed of the same 
number of triangles which are respectively similar and 
similarly disposed, the polygons are similar. 

4. State and prove the theorem concerning the ratio be- 
tween the areas of two similar triangles. 

5. Prove that two regular polygons of the same number 
of sides are similar. 

6. Find the formula for the area of a circle in terms of 
the radius and the ratio of the circumference to the di- 
ameter. 



PLANE GEOMETRY. 169 

XI. 

1. To how many right angles is the sum of all the inte- 
rior angles of any polygon equal ? State and prove ; and 
then state and draw the figure for the theorem on which 
this one immediately depends. 

2. What is the measure of the angle formed by two 
chords which cut each other between the centre and the 
circumference ? by two chords which meet at the circum- 
ference ? by two secants which meet without the circumfer- 
ence ? Draw the figure for each case, and prove the last 
one. 

3. To describe a circle through three given points. 

4. Prove that two regular polygons of the same num- 
ber of sides are similar. 

5. The area of a trapezoid is half the product of its alti- 
tude by the sum of its parallel sides. 

6. The perimeter of a regular hexagon is 18. Find 
(a.) The area of the circumscribed circle ; 

(b.) The area of the square inscribed in this circle. 

7. Prove the proportion that exists between the parts oi 
two intersecting chords. 

XII. 

1. Two parallel lines are cut by a third line. Prove 
what angles formed by these lines are equal, and also what 
angles are supplements of each other. 

2. Obtain the value of any interior angle of a regular 
octagon. 

3. An angle inscribed in a circle is measured by half the 
arc intercepted by its sides. Prove this proposition for 
each of the three cases which may arise. 



170 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

4. State and prove the method of finding the centre of a 
given circle or arc. 

5. State and prove the method of finding a mean pro- 
portional between two given straight lines. 

6. From a point without a circle secants are drawn to the 
circle. Prove the proportion existing between the entire 
secants and the parts lying outside the circle. 

What corollary results when one of these secant lines 
becomes a tangent. 

7. Show how a square may be constructed equal in area 
to any given polygon. 

XIII. 

1. The perimeters of similar polygons are to each other 
in what ratio ? The areas of similar polygons are to each 
other in what ratio ? Proof in both cases. 

2. To make a square which is to a given square in a 
given ratio. 

3. Prove that two rectangles are to each other as the 
products of their bases by their altitudes. What follows 
if we suppose one of the rectangles to be the unit of sur- 
face ? 

4. Prove that two similar polygons may be divided into 
the same number of triangles, that are similar each to each 
and similarly placed. 

5. To divide this line 

into three parts proportional to the numbers 2, 4 ; and 3, 
and prove the principle involved. 

6. Prove that a line which divides two sides of a trian- 
gle proportionally is parallel to the third side. 









PLANE GEOMETRY. 171 

7. Prove that a tangent to a circle is perpendicular to 
the radius drawn to the point of contact. 

8. Prove that parallel chords intercept upon the circum- 
ference equal arcs. 

XIV. 

1. Prove that two triangles are equal when a side and 
the two adjacent angles of the one are respectively equal 
to a side and the two adjacent angles of the other. Under 
what other conditions are two triangles equal to each other ? 

2. Prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram mutually 
bisect each other. Prove at what angle the diagonals of a 
rhombus bisect each other. 

3. Given the circumference of a circle, show how to find 
the centre. Show also how to draw a tangent to the cir- 
cumference, either from a point on the circumference or 
from one without it. Give the proof in the last case. 

4. Prove that the area of any circumscribed polygon is 
half the product of its perimeter by the radius of the in- 
scribed circle. 

5. Show how a regular hexagon may be inscribed in a 
circle ; also an equilateral triangle. Find the ratio of the 
side of the inscribed equilateral triangle to the radius of 
the circle. 

6. Prove that similar triangles are to each other as the 
squares of their homologous sides. 

7. Show how to find a triangle equivalent to a given 
polygon. 



172 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



SOLID GEOMETRY. 

COURSE II. 

I. 

1. Prove that two parallel lines are always in the same 
plane. 

2. Prove that the sum of the plane angles, which form a 
solid angle, is always less than four right angles. (This 
theorem is sometimes stated thus : The sum of the face 
angles of a polyhedral angle is less than four right 
angles.) 

3. Prove that parallel sections of a pyramid are similar 
polygons. What proposition relating to the volumes of 
pyramids is proved by aid of this proposition ? (State, but 
do not prove.) 

4. Prove that the sum of the angles of a spherical tri- 
angle is greater than two right angles. 

5. A spherical triangle has angles of 75°, 94°, and 91°; 
what is its area in degrees ? How large a portion of the 
surface of the sphere does it cover ? 

6. The surface of a sphere is 31.17 square feet; what is 
the surface of another sphere having three times the 
volume of the former? 

II. 

1. Define a Plane, a Prism, a Great Circle. How many 
faces has a parallelopiped ? How many edges ? How is 
the angle between two planes measured ? 

2. Prove that if two planes are perpendicular to a 
third plane, their line of intersection is also perpendicular 
to the third plane. 



SOLID GEOMETRY. 173 

3. Prove that the section of a pyramid made by a 
plane parallel to the base is a polygon similar to the 
base. 

4. Prove that a triangular pyramid is a third part of a 
triangular prism of the same base and altitude. 

5. Prove that the sum of the angles of a spherical tri- 
angle is greater than two right angles. 

6. Given the radius of a sphere = 2 inches. Compute 
the volume and convex surface. 

III. 

1. If two planes are perpendicular to each other, the 
line drawn in one plane perpendicular to the common in- 
tersection is also perpendicular to the second plane. 

2. The sum of all the plane angles which form a solid 
angle is always less than four right angles. 

3. The solidity of a triangular prism is the product of 
its base by its altitude. Prove; and then show briefly 
how this theorem is made use of in finding the volume of 
a cylinder. Give the formula to express that volume. 

4. Define similar polyhedrons. Prove that similar prisms^ 
or pyramids, are to each other as the cubes of their alti- 
tudes. 

5. Prove that if two spherical triangles on the same 
sphere, or on equal spheres, are equilateral with respect to 
each other, they are also equiangular with respect to each 
other. 

6. The length of a perfectly round log of wood is 20 
feet, and the diameter of each end is 12 feet. Find : (a.) 
Its convex surface, (b.) The surface of the greatest sphere 
which can be cut out of it. (c.) The volume of this sphere. 



174 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

IV. 

1. Prove that the intersections of two parallel planes 
with any third plane are parallel lines. Define parallel 
planes. 

2. Planes are passed through a pyramid parallel to its 
base ; prove that the sections formed are similar polygons, 
and that these polygons are to each other as the squares of 
their distances from the vertex. 

3. What are the regular polyhedrons ? How many faces 
has each ? how many vertices ? how many edges ? What 
are the faces in each case ? 

4. A spherical triangle being given, to construct its po- 
lar. Prove the relations that exist between the sides and 
angles of a spherical triangle and those of the polar tri- 
angle. 

5. The surface of a sphere is given, to find the surface 
of a sphere whose volume is five times as great. 

6. A right cylinder and a right cone have the same cir- 
cular base and the same altitude ; compare their volumes. 
Compare with these the volume of a sphere having the 
same radius as the base of the cone. 

V. 

1. Prove that oblique lines drawn from a point to a 
plane, at equal distances from the perpendicular, are equal ; 
and that of two oblique lines unequally distant from the per- 
pendicular the more remote is the greater. As a corollary 
to this theorem, show how a perpendicular may be drawn 
to a plane from a given point without the plane. 

2. Prove that two straight lines, comprehended between 



SOLID GEOMETEY. 175 

three parallel planes, are divided into parts which are pro- 
portional to each other. 

3. Prove that the sum of any two of the face angles of 
a triedral angle is greater than the third. 

4. By what may a right cone be considered to be gener- 
ated ? To what is the area of its convex surface equal ? 
To what is its solidity equal ? Compare the solidity of a 
right cone with that of a right cylinder, when both solids 
have the same altitude, and the radius of the base of the 
cylinder is double that of the base of the cone. 

5. Prove that the sum of the sides of a spherical triangle 
is less than four right angles, and that the sum of the an- 
gles is greater than two right angles. 

6. Prove that every triangular pyramid is one third of 
a triangular prism having the same base and altitude. 






176 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. 

I 

1. How do you find the co-ordinates of the point where 
two given lines intersect ? 

2. Find the vertices of a triangle of which the sides are 
2x + Ay + 7 == 0, 2x + y — 2 = 0, 2x — 2y + 1 = 0. 

3. Draw the lines just given and find the angles of the 
triangle they form. 

4. What curve is represented by each of the following 
equations ? (i.) x 2 + y 2 + \y = 0. (ii.) 9x 2 + 25/ = 
400. (iii.) y 2 — 7x. (iv.) 16y 2 — 9^ + 36 = 0. Find 
the points at which each of these curves cuts the axes of 
co-ordinates. 

5. Explain briefly how to construct a conic section when 
you have given the eccentricity (Boscovich's ratio), and the 
distance from the directrix to the focus. Take, for example, 
the eccentricity = -J, and the distance from the directrix 
to the focus = 2J. 



6. Find the equation of a conic section when the direc- 
trix is the axis of ordinates, and a perpendicular from 
the focus on the directrix is the axis of abscissas. Take, 
for example, the same data as are given in the preceding 
question. 

Find what this equation becomes if transformed to a new 
set of axes parallel to the former and passing through the 
centre of the curve. 

7. What is the locus of a point whose distance from a 



ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. 177 

fixed line is equal to its distance from a fixed point ? Find 
the equation. 

8. Construct a hyperbola whose transverse axis is 6 and 
less focal distance 2. Find also the conjugate axis, and 
the foci and directices of the conjugate hyperbola. 



178 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 

I. 

1. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms: 
/ 0.010006 \ 3 

VL.4 X ^0.325062/ ' 

2. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms : 
/ (0.050395) 2 \ 

\3.2 X ^0.546781/ 

3. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms, 

/0.00101904 X 0.99992\* 
using arithmetical complements : ( 760 x ffoMmW' " 

4. Define a logarithm. 

5. Find, by logarithms, the value of the following quan- 
tities to six sig nificant fi gures: y/0.0117283 ; (0.50396) 2 ; 

^0.0117283 



V0.50396/ ' 



use arithmetical complements 



2.4 X (0.50396) 2 " 
in dividing. 

6. Solve the equation 32* = 8 by logarithms. 

7. Prove that the sum of the logarithms of several num- 
bers is equal to the logarithm of their product. 

8. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 
tities to six significant figures : \/(0.62394) ; (0.00102173) 2 ; 

(0.0012173) 2 



i 



0.62394' 3.1X^(0.62394)* 

II. 

1. In a system of which the base is 9, what is the loga- 
rithm of 81 ? of 3 ? of 27 ? of 9 ? of 1 ? of £ ? of ^ ? of ? 



LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 179 

2. Find, by common logarithms, the values of the follow- 
ing quantities (to five significant figures) : ^(0.492162) j 

(°- 011009 ) 6 ; (oorW ; j ^vSnr Use arith ' 

metical complements in dividing. 

3. Solve the equation 2048* = 16, by logarithms. 

4. Express in a decimal form the numbers which have 
the following logarithms in a system of which the base is 
16:2; —2; —0.25; 2.75; 0. 

5. Find, by common logarithms, the values of the fol- 
lowing quantities (to five significant figures) : \/ (0.485463) ; 

(°- 00l:50106 ) 2 = (0.00130106)* ' 2.7 ^SlWf ^ 
arithmetical complements in dividing. 

6. Prove that the logarithm of the product of two num- 
bers is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the numbers. 

17. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 
ities (to six significant figures) : ^(0.0126534) ; (———\ ; 
ftA , ' /n f ^ 0/ny Use arithmetical complements in divid- 
.204 X (0.56036)^ 

ing. 

8. Solve the equation 243* = 81 by logarithms. 

9. What is the characteristic of a logarithm ? 

10. What is the logarithm of 1. ? of .1 ? of 1000. ? of 
.00001 ? of one hundred billionth ? 

11. Find, by logarithms, the value of the following 

quantities (to six significant figures) : ( moawi ) '> 

^(0.0357635) 



(V2.04 + V1.2036) 2 ' 

12. Solve the equation 1024* = 64. 



180 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

III. 

1. Prove that the logarithm of a quotient is equal to the 
logarithm of the dividend diminished by the logarithm of 
the divisor. 

2. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 

m.-. mm, <%»*%? . 

3. Prove the formula (sin A) 2 + (cos A) 2 = 1. What 
is the formula for the cosine of the sum of two angles ? 

4. Solve the oblique triangle in which a = 50, A = 45°, 
B= 60°. K B. — a, b, c denote the sides; A, B, C the 
angles respectively opposite to a, b, c. 

5. In a system of logarithms, of which 4 is the base, 
determine the logarithms of the following numbers: 4; 
16; 2; 8; 32; 1; J = 0.5 ; J = 0.25 ; £=0.125; T \ = 
0.0625 ; 0. What is the base of the common system of 
logarithms ? 

6. Find, by logarithms, using arithmetical complements, 

the values of the expressions: (0.001109) 2 ; 001109^ 
5 Mo.492) X 560 



i 



9 X (0.001 109) 2 

fnnrtvinn rvf nnv flncrlp. A = 

tan A 



sgc A 
7. What single function of any angle A = j ? What 



function is the reciprocal of the secant. 

8. Give the formulas for the sine and cosine of the 
sum and of the difference of two angles ; and deduce from 
these the formulas for the sine and cosine of the double of 
an angle and of the half of an angle. 

9. What is the sine and cosine of 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 
360°. Work out the formulas for the trigonometric func- 
tions of (270° — JV). 



LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 181 

10. Solve the triangle in which 6=0 007625, c = 0.015, 
B = 29°. Find both solutions. K B.—A, B, C denote 
the angles respectively opposite the sides a, b, c. 

IV. 

1. What is the logarithm of 1 in any system ? of any 
number in a system of which that number is the base ? 
In a system of which the base is 4, what is the logarithm 
of 64 ? of 2 ? of 8 ? of J ? 

2. Find by logarithms, using arithmetical complements, 

the value of the fraction ^ ' — — . 

^(0.0046) X 23.309 

3. Prove the formula for the cosine of the sum of two 
angles ; and deduce the formulas for the cosine of the 
double of an angle and the cosine of the half of an angle. 

4. In what quadrants is the cosine positive, and in what 
quadrant is it negative ? Prove the values of the cosine of 
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°. 

5. Given in an oblique triangle b = 0.254, c = 0.317, 
B = 46°. Solve completely. 

V. 

1. Prove that the logarithm of the product of several 
j factors is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors. 

2. Prove that the logarithm of the nth. root of a number 
is ^th of the logarithm of the number. 

3. Work the following examples: 0.01706 X 8.7634 



X °- 001 = ? ; KT^a = I! V/4.9 = ?; ^029 = 



0.01706 



?. 



\/(8.76M) s X 100 . TT ,,, ,. _ , 1 

— — - — , ? Use arithmetical complements in 

9 X ^0.1109 X (4.9) * 

working the last. 



182 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

4. Which of the trigonometric functions are always less 
than unity ? which always greater ? which sometimes 
greater and sometimes less ? 

5. Write down the formulas for the sine and cosine of 
the sum, and the sine and cosine of the difference of two 
angles. 

6. Prove the formula sin 2 a + cos 2 a = 1. 

7. From the formulas of the two preceding questions de- 
duce formulas for the sine, cosine, and tangent of twice an 
angle, and of half an angle. 

8. To solve a triangle in which two sides and an angle 
opposite one of them are given. Example : one side = 
47.6, another side = 32.9, and the angle opposite the latter 
side = 53° 24'. 

VI. 

1. Prove that the logarithm of the product of several 
factors is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors. 

2. Work the following examples : (a.) 0.01706 X 8.7634 
X 0.00 1 = ? (6.) Q.oyVo e = « to \£§ = ? tf&29 = ? 

(d.) (/- ^S Tou = t Use arithmetical com- 
v; V9x s/°- 1109 X (49)1 
plements in working the last. 

3. Find the sines, cosines, and tangents, both natural and 
logarithmic, of the following angles: (A.) 24° 47' 22". 
(B.) 56° 23' 14". (C.) 134° 28'. Find the angles which 
correspond to the following functions: log sin A = 9.94325. 
nat cos B = — 0.57832. nat tan C = 1.473. 

4. Prove the formula a 2 = b 2 + c 2 — 2 be cos A. 

5. Prove the formulas 1 + cos A = 2 (cos J ^l) 2 . 
1 — cos A = 2 (sin \ A) 2 . 



LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 183 

6. From the formulas of the last two questions deduce 
the formula sin J A = y ^ '• 

7. The sides of a triangle are 37, 41, and 48 ; what are 
the angles ? 

8. To solve a triangle when two sides and the included 
angle are given. Example : Given the sides 47.6 and 58.4, 
the included angle 52° 24'. 

VII 

1. In a system of logarithms of which the base is 16, 
what is the number of which the logarithm is — 1.25? 
In the system of which 10 is the base, why do the log- 
arithms of two numbers composed of the same series of 
significant figures differ only in their characteristics ? 

2. Prove that the logarithm of the continued product 
of several numbers is equal to the sum of their log- 
arithms. 

3. Write (without proving) the formulas for the sine and 
cosine of the sum and of the difference of two angles ; and 
prove the formula cos A + cos B = 2 cos J {A + B) cos J 
(A-B). 

4. Give the values of the sine, cosine, and tangent of 
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°. Find the formula for cos (270° 

5. Given in a triangle b = 0.1072, c = 0.0625, C= 20° 
17'. Solve completely. 

\f (0 07323) 2 

6. Find by logarithms the value of 3 5308 x 3700 " 

7. Given the cotangent of an angle equal to 2 )J 2 ; find 
the other trigonometric functions, by computation. 



_ 



184 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

VIII 

1 . What is the reason that, in the common system, the 
logarithms of two numbers consisting of the same series of 
significant figures differ only in their characteristics ? 

2. Write (without proving) the formulas for the sine and 
cosine of the sum and of the difference of two angles ; and 
deduce those for the sine and cosine of the double of an 
angle and of the half of an angle. 

3. Find, by means of formulas, the trigonometric func- 
tions of 30° and 60°. 

a + b tan £ (A + B) 

4. Prove that, in any triangle, ^—^ = t&n ^ (A _ B y 

5. Solve the triangle in which a = 110.6, b = 56.7, 
C = 108° 24'. 

6. Find, by logarithms, the value of the fraction 
ff(0.027919) 3 

(0.0010708) 2 X 7.9' 

IX. 

1. Obtain a formula by which, when the sine of an angle 
is known, its cosine may be found. Also formulas for 
finding the tangent and cotangent of an angle, when the 
sine and cosine are given. 

2. Obtain, by the formulas of the previous question, the 
trigonometric functions of 45°. 

3. Prove that, in any triangle, the sines of any two 
angles are proportional to the opposite sides. 

4. Solve the triangle in which two sides are 32.64 and 
25.14, and the angle opposite the second side is 32° 48'. 
Are there two solutions to this problem ? "Why ? 



5. Find, by logarithms, the value of y — '- — ^' -. 






LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 185 

6. State the process and give the formulas by which, 
when two sides and the included angle of a triangle are 
known, the remaining parts can be obtained. 

X. 

1. In the system of logarithms with six for its base, of 
what numbers will 3 and — 3 be the logarithms ? What 
will be the index of the logarithm of 2000 ? 



2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ■= VjA 



84.9 X -001 



(.4286) 2 

3. Show, by means of a diagram, what lines may be 
taken to represent the sine and the cosine of angles in each 
of the four quadrants of a circle, the radius of the circle be- 
ing unity. Show also what are the algebraic signs of these 
same functions in the different quadrants. 

4. Obtain formulas for the trigonometric functions of a 
negative angle. 

5. In a right plane triangle, one side is 0.1426 and the 
opposite angle is 47° 29'. Solve the triangle. 

6. Write the formulas for the sine and the cosine of the 
sum of any two angles ; and obtain from them formulas 
for the sine and the cosine of the double angle. The sine 
of a certain angle is gV Find the trigonometric functions 
of double that angle. 

7. Two sides of a plane oblique triangle are 16.49 and 
21.37, and the included angle is 129° 37'. Find the other 
two angles. State the method of finding the remaining side. 

8. One angle of a plane triangle is 30°, and an adjacent 
side is 12. What values of the side opposite the given 
angle will give two solutions to the triangle ? What 
values will give only one ? What values will give no so- 
lution ? 



186 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

XL 

1. Between what two integers docs the common loga- 
rithm of 327.8 lie ? Give the reason for your answer. 

2. Find, by logarithms, the value of .-o^Jg2 X ("t) 3 X 
^8241 

3. In what quadrants may an angle be taken whose se- 
cant is 1.25 ? Obtain the corresponding values of the sine. 

4. Find all the functions of (180° + y). 

5. The hypothenuse of a right triangle is 0.3287, and 
one side is 0.1938. Solve the triangle. 

6. By means of the formulas for the sine and the cosine 
of the sum of two angles, obtain the formula, tan (x -f- y) 

tan x -\- tan y 
1 — tan x tan y 

7. The three sides of a triangle are 1.328, 1.416, and 
0.9388. Find the angles. 

XII. 

1. In a certain system of logarithms the logarithm of 
0.125 is —1.5. What is the base? 

2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ^f -*- f (.0048659)1 

3. Of the following angles, which have a cosine equal to 
— 0.5 ? a tangent equal to 1 ? a cosecant equal to — sj'2 ? 
45°; 120°; 225°; 240°; 315°; —240°; —315°; 600°. 

4 If sin (f> = m, obtain the values of sin 2<f> and cos 20. 

5. In any triangle ABC, prove that a 2 = J 2 -f- c 2 — 
2bc cos A. 

6. Solve the right triangle, given an angle 47° 48' 13", 
and the opposite side 0.043629. 



LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 187 

7. Find all the trigonometric functions of (180° -f- y). 

8. Give the formulas and state the process by which an 
oblique triangle is solved when two sides and the included 
angle are given. 



188 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



PHYSICS. 
COURSE n. 

I. 

1. Define the terms Force, Weight, Mass. 

2. If two forces acting perpendicularly on a straight lever 
in opposite directions and on the same side of the fulcrum 
balance each other, they are inversely as their distances 
from the fulcrum ; and the pressure on the fulcrum is equal 
to the difference of the forces. 

3. The pressure upon any particle of a fluid of uniform 
density is proportional to its depth below the surface of 
the fluid. 

4. In 50 cubic yards of rock, whose average specific grav- 
ity is 142, there enter 32 cubic yards of a substance whose 
specific gravity is 124. Find the specific gravity of the 
remainder of the rock. 

5. How would you graduate a hydrometer for ascertain- 
ing the strength of alcohol. 

6. How do you change from Fahrenheit to Centigrade ? 

II. 

1. How does the weight of a body differ from the mass ? 
How are forces represented ? If it be stated that two 
forces of 5 lbs. and 10 lbs. act upon a body, what more is 
wanting to enable us to determine the result ? 

2. Prove the proposition, " If two forces, acting at any 
angles on the arm of any lever, balance each other, they are 






PHYSICS. 189 

inversely as the perpendiculars drawn from the fulcrum 
to the directions in which the forces act." 

3. The direction of two forces, P and Q, which act on a 
bent lever and keep it at rest, make equal angles with the 
arms of the lever, which are at 6 and 8 inches respectively. 
Find the ratio of Q to P. 

4. Find the centre of gravity of a triangle. One half of 
a given triangle is cut off by a straight line parallel to the 
base : find the centre of gravity of the remaining trapezium. 

5. Prove the proposition, " When a body of uniform den- 
sity floats on a fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : 
the specific gravity of the body : the specific gravity of the 
fluid." 

6. If the difference of readings of a thermometer, which 
is graduated both according to Fahrenheit's and the Centi- 
grade scale, be 40, find the temperature in each scale. 



190 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



MECHANICS. 
course n. 
I. 

1. Prove the law of the parallelogram of forces. 

2. Find the centre of gravity of any number of heavy 
points. 

3. Deduce the law of the equilibrium of movable pul- 
leys, taking the weight of the pulleys into account. 

4. Find the relation of P's velocity to that of W on an 
inclined plane. 

5. Prove the equality of fluid pressures. Explain the 
Hydrostatic Paradox. 

6. If the volume of the receiver of a condensing pump is* 
five times that of the barrel, find the pressure on the valve 
after ten strokes. 

II. 

1. Define Force ; Weight ; Mass ; and Density. How are 
forces represented ? 

2. Give the axioms of the lever. Assuming the proper- 
ties of the straight lever, prove the laws of the bent lever. 

3. Can the resultant of two forces, in any case, be equal 
to one of the components ? If so, what are the conditions ? 

4 A string passing round a smooth peg is pulled at each 
end by a force equal to the strain upon the peg. Find the 
angle between the two parts of the string. 



MECHANICS. ' 101 

5. Deduce the laws of the inclined plane, both when the 
body on the plane is at rest, and when it is in motion. 

6. Prove that when a body of uniform density floats on a 
fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : the specific grav- 
ity of the body : the specific gravity of the fluid. 

7. Prove that the elastic force of air at a given tem- 
perature varies as the density. A barometer is sunk to 
the depth of twenty feet in a lake, find the consequent 
rise in the mercurial column. (Specific gravity of mer- 
cury = 13.57.) 

III. 

1. Describe the different kinds of levers, giving exam- 
ples of each kind. 

2. Enunciate the Parcdlelogram of Forces. Assuming it 
to be true for the direction of the resultant, prove it for the 
magnitude of the resultant. 

3. A string passing around a smooth peg is pulled at 
each end by a force equal to the strain on the peg. Find 
the angle between the two parts of the string. 

4. On the inclined 'plane when the power acts parallel 
to the plane, prove that the power : the weight : : height of 
the plane : length of the plane. 

5. In the leaning tower of Pisa the top overhangs the 
base by 12 feet ; why does it not fall ? 

6. Prove that when a body of uniform density floats on 
a fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : the specific 
gravity of the body : the specific gravity of the fluid. 

7. A piece of iron weighs 12 pounds in water; and 
when a piece of wood which weighs 5 pounds is attached 
to it, the two together weigh 9 pounds in water. Find the 
specific gravity of the wood. 



192 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

8. Explain why a balloon rises, and why the higheT it 
gets the slower it rises. Why does it ever cease to rise ? 

9. Describe the construction of the common suction 
pump and its operation. (Draw a diagram of the pump.) 

10. A piece of wood floats in a cup of water under the 
receiver of an air-pump. Will it sink deeper or rise higher 
when the air is exhausted ? Why ? 

IV. 

1. If two weights, P and Q, acting perpendicularly on a 
straight Lever on opposite sides of the fulcrum balance 
each other, determine the position of the fulcrum and the 
pressure on it. 

The scale-pans of a Balance are of unequal weight, and 
its arms consequently also of unequal length ; find the true 
weight of any substance from its apparent weights, when 
placed in the two scale-pans respectively. 

2. If two forces, acting at any angles on the arms of 
any Lever, balance each other, they are inversely as the 
perpendiculars drawn from the fulcrum to the directions in 
which the forces act. 

3. If three forces, represented in direction and magni- 
tude by the sides of a triangle taken in order, act on a 
point, they will produce equilibrium. 

Two forces whose magnitudes are \JS X P and P, respect- 
ively, act at a point in directions at right angles to each 
other ; find the magnitude and direction of the force which 
will balance them. 

4. In that system of Pulleys, in which the same string 
passes round any number of pulleys, and the parts of it 



MECHANICS. 193 

between the pulleys are parallel, there is equilibrium (neg- 
lecting the weights of the pulleys) when P : W : : 1 : the 
number of strings (n) at the lower block. 

5. Prove that when a body is suspended from a point, it 
will rest with its Centre of Gravity in the vertical line pass- 
ing through the point of suspension. Hence show how 
the Centre of Gravity of any plane figure of irregular out- 
line may practically be determined. 

6. Describe an experimental proof, that, if the pressure 
at any point of a fluid be increased, the pressure at all 
other points will be equally increased. By what short 
form of words is this property of fluid pressure sometimes 
described ? 

In the common Hydraulic Press, are the fluid pressures 
and tendency to break uniform throughout the cylinders ? 

7. Prove that if a body floats in a fluid, it displaces as 
much of the fluid as is equal in weight to the weight of the 
body ; and it presses downwards, and is pressed upwards, 
with a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. 

A uniform cylinder, when floating vertically in water, 
sinks to a depth of 4 inches ; to what depth will it sink in 
alcohol of specific gravity 0.79 ? 

8. Describe the construction of the Condenser, and the 
mode of its operation. 

A cylinder, filled with atmospheric air, and closed by an 
air-tight piston, is sunk to the depth of 500 fathoms in the 
sea; required the compression of the air (assume specific 
gravity of sea water to be 1.027, specific gravity of mer- 
cury 13.57, and height of Barometer 30 inches). 



EXAMINATION PAPERS 

OF JUNE, 1874. 



ANCIENT HISTOEY AND GEOGRAPHY. 

[Take the first three, and one other ; four in all.] 

1. Name in the order of time the successive conquests made 
by the Romans, and note distinctly the position of each con- 
quered state or district. 

2. By a map or by words represent or describe Sicily. Point 
out its place in Grecian and in Roman history. 

3. Name eight places that were noted in ancient times : four 
Greek, and four Roman. Give their situation, and show their 
importance in history. 

4. What objects would a Roman be sure to point out to a 
stranger visiting Rome in the time of Augustus 1 Describe some 
of them. Show, by a rough plan, their position relatively to 
each other, and connect them with events in Roman history. 

5. The legislation of Solon. 

6. The Gracchi and the Agrarian Laws. State precisely the 
character of these laws. 



196 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



MODEKN AND PHYSICAL GEOGKAPHY. 

1. Upon what principle is Mercator's map constructed 1 How 
do the parallels and meridians appear upon it ? What distortion 
is produced in the forms of the countries ] 

2. Draw an outline map of Africa and put upon it, in their 
proper positions, the equator, and the meridian of Greenwich. 
Give also the names of the bodies of water surrounding the 
continent, and the positions of important islands near the 
coast. 

3. What is shown by a profile of a country 1 Draw a profile 
of South America, from the mouth of the Amazon to the Pacific 
Ocean. 

4. Describe the southern coast of Europe, giving the names 
of countries, bodies of water, important islands, principal sea- 
ports, and largest rivers. 

5. What time is it at Madras when it is eight o'clock in the 
morning at Boston 1 Longitude of Madras, 80° E. ; of Boston, 
71° W. 

6. Where is the Great Bear Lake 1 Why was it so named 1 
What other large lakes are near it 1 Which continent has the 
smallest number of lakes 1 Where are the principal salt lakes, 
and why are they salt ] 

7. WTiere does the Colorado River rise and empty"? What 
are the most striking physical features of the country through 
which it flows % 

Answer the same questions for each of the following rivers : — 
Columbia ; Niagara ; Hudson ; Seine ; Ganges. 

8. What cities of Europe are in nearly the same latitude as 
New York 1 

9. Describe two water routes between Marseilles and Hong 
Kong. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 197 



GEEEK COMPOSITION. 

Translate into Greek : — 

When these ten thousand Greeks had come in their march to 
the great river Euphrates, they found a barbarian soldier who 
told them that the great king with all his army was only two 
stages (day's march) distant, and that if they should go forward 
during all that night and the following (imevai) day, they would 
see the king's forces before the time for supper came. When 
the generals heard this, they determined (it seemed good to 
them) not to remain where they were, but to cross (6\a/3mW) 
the river and send Xenophon with a hundred hoplites so that 
they might know whether the man had spoken the truth. 



GEEEK PEOSE. 



4®=* Read the following notice before doing- any of the paper: — 
[Those offering Greek Reader, take 2, 4, 5. Those offering Anabasis, four 
books, and 7th book of Herodotus, take 1, 2, 5. Those offering the whole of 
Anabasis, take 1, 2, 3.] 

1. (Anab. II. V. 10, and part of 11.) el 8e ty Kai pavevres o-e 
KaraKreivaipev, aAAo n av r) rbv evepyerrjv KaraKrelvavres rrpbs jSao-tAea 
rbv pkyivrov e(pe8pov dyavi^olpeOa ; ocrcov de Sr) Kai oicau av i\nl8(ov 
epavrbv arepfja-aipi, el ere ri kokov eirixeipr)(raipi rroielv, ravra Ae£a>. 
iya> yap Kvpov eireOvp-qad pot (plXov yeveaOai, vopifav r£>v rore iKavatra- 
rov etvai ev iroulv ov fiovXoiro. From what and where is pavevres 1 

2. (Anab. IV. I. 23, 24.) Kcu ev6i>s dyayovres rovs dvOpJynovs 
fj'htyxov SiaXafiovres et nva eldelev aXXrjv 68bv r) rr)v (pavepdv. 6 pev 
ovv erepos ovk ecprj, pdXa iroWcov (pofiodv irpoa-ayopevaiv • eVet 8e ovdev 
G>(pe\ipov eXeyev, opcovros rov erepov Kareacpdyrj. 6 8e \oinb? e\e£ev 
on ovtos pev ov (pair) 8ia ravra elbevai, on avrco ervy\ave Ovydrrjp e<ei 



198 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

irap dvBpl eKBeBopevr)' avros 5' e(j)rj riyr)o*eo-0ai Bvvarfjv Kal vno^vyiois 
7ropei/e<r0cu 6B6v. Explain mood of elBelev. 

3. (Anab. VI. IV. 20, 21.) Kal ndXiv rfj varepala edvero, kcu 
<rxe86v ti iraaa f) crrparia Bid to peXetv atracnv ckvkKovvto nepl ra iepd- 
to. Be Ovpara eTreXeXolnei. oi Be CTpaTTjyol etjrjyov pev ov, avveKaXeaav 
Be. eirev ovv Eevo<pcoi>, "icras oi noXepiot avveiheypevoi eicrl Kal dvdyKrj 
pd^ecrdai' el ovv KaTaXtirovTes ra aKevrj ev rw epvpva X^P 1 '*? <*s els pd\i]v 
frapeo-Kevaapevot loipev, 'lam av ra Upa 7rpox(opoii] rjplv. 

4. (Phaedo, p. 109 of Reader, s. 24.) Kal 6 Kpnw dxcwas 
evevae t<5 naiBl itXtjo-iov earaiTt, Kal 6 na7s e£eXdav, Kal avxvov xpdvov 
BiaTpiyjras, r}Kev ayav tov peXXovra BiBovat to (pdppaKOv, ev ki/Xikl <f)epov- 
Ta Terpippevov • IBav Be 6 Soxpar^s tov avOpatirov, "Eiev, e<fir), a> /3e'XrtoTf, 
o~v yap tovt<ov i7no-TT)p<ov ti \PV ir°i*w ; OvBev SXXo, e<f>r), rj Tnovra 
7repuevai, ea>s av gov fiapos iv tols o~KeXeo-t yevrjTai, eireiTa KaTaKelaOaf 
Kal ovtq)S avTo iroirjo-ct. Kal apa a>pe£e tt)V Ki/XiKa t<o IcoKpdret. From 
what and where is movra 1 

5. (Herod. VII. 234; Reader, p. 155, § 57.) Oi pev ^ nepl 

Qeppo7rvXas "EXXrjves ovtq> Tjycovio-avTO • Ee'p^rjs Be KaXeaas ArjpdprjTop 
elpa>Ta dp£dpevos evBevBe. ArjpdprjTe, dvfjp els ayaBos. TeKpaipopai Be 
tji dXijOeir] • oo~a yap eiTras, anavra aTrefir] ovtoh. vvv Be pot ei7T€, koctoi 
Tives elai oi Xoiwol AaKeBaipovtoi, Kal tovtcov okogoi toiovtoi to, iroXepia, 
eire Kal airavres. 6 5' elnc *G (Sao-iXev, irXrjOos pev AaKeBaipoviav iro\- 
Xov, Kal noXies TroXXai* to Be eOeXeis eKpadelv, elBfjaeis. 






GREEK POETRY. 

1. Ta> y fbs fiovXevo-avre Bierpayev • fj pev eneira 

Ety aXa aXro fiaSelav an alyXfjevros 'OXvpnov, 
Zetr Be eov npbs Ba>pa. 6eol B* apa irdvres dveorav 
'E^ eBeav, o-<j)ov naTpbs evavriov • ovBe tis erXr} 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 199 

Mslvai ejrepx6fji€POP, aXK* avrloi tcrrav affaires. 
"Qs 6 fiev evOa Ka6k&T iiri Bpovov • ov8« fiiu "Hprj 
'Hyvoirjo-ev idovrx on ol avfKppda-aaTo fiovXds 
'ApyupoVe^a Qeris, Bvydrrjp aktoto yepovros. 

Iliad, I. 531-539. 

Where is bUrfxayev found ? Attic for o-<pov, ta-rav. 

2. Aevrepov avT 'OSucnJa Idav epeeiv 6 yepatos' 

" EiV aye fxoi <a\ rovbe, (plXov tckos, os tis o5' iarlv 
Meiatv peu K€(pa\rj ' Ayafie jjlvovos 'Arpei'Sao, 
Evpvrepos 8' gj/xoktii' iSe orepvoto-iv IdeaOai. 
Tfv^ea uev ol iceiTai £nl x^ovl novkv^oreiprj, 
Avtos Se KTtkos a>s €7rnra)KeiTai arixas dvbpav. 
*Apveia fxiv eyaye ito~Ka> 7rr)yearip,dXXG>, 
"Os t oicou p.eya -irav biepxerai apytvvawvP 

Iliad, III. 191-198. 

Divide two first verses into feet. 



GEEEK GEAMMAR 

[All Greek words must be written with their accents.] 

1.* Decline 770X17775, avQpcoiros, and d\r)&fjs in the singular ; 6fjs, 
dvrjp, and Xvcav in the plural. 

2. Decline vaiis, ueimv, a-v, Ss, and m (interrogative) through- 
out. 

3.* Compare o~o(p6s, cpikos, peyas, and pdStos. 

4. Inflect the present optative and imperfect indicative of 
6pda> ; the imperfect of deUvv/ii ; and the present indicative of 
elfil and ei/zt, with the meaning of each. 

5.* Give the principal parts of rvyxdva, Ov^aKa, dpda, \tfaa 9 
and trjfit. 



200 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

6. Translate olBa tovtov ypacpovTa and olba tovto ypd(f)€iv. Trans- 
late 6 avrbs a7roT€fiv€TaL tt\v K€(pakr)u, and explain the accusative. 

7. Translate oUos 6° avTos, el (pdoyyrjv Xa/3oi, cracpeoraT av \egetev, 
and explain the optatives. 

8. Explain the subjunctive in e<po@ovp.r)v /xt) tovto yewjTai. 
Could it be changed to the optative ? 

9. Explain the optative in elnev on ypdcpoi. Could you have 
any other mood than the optative in this case 1 

10. What is an iambus 1 ? a spondee ? an anapaest? What is 
a dactylic hexameter, and what substitutions are allowed in it? 

* Candidates for ADVANCED STANDING will omit 1, 3, and 5, and 
answer the following questions . 

11. Translate rt ii' ovk eKTeivas evOvs Iva p.fjnoT€ eldov to (pas, and 
explain tva eldov. 

12. Translate d avrovs Uoiev av e(pvyov. What is the construc- 
tion of Xdoiev 1 of av ? 

13. How would you express in Greek : Would that Cyrus were 
alive ! He said that he would do it, He said that he would have 
done it, He said that he did it ? 

14. What is an iambic trimeter of tragedy, and what substi- 
tutions are allowed in it? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 201 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 

AST Candidates for the Freshman Class are required to translate the whole of I. 
and in II. only to 2, "He said." Candidates for Advanced Standing will 
translate the whole of I. and II. 

I. 

Translate into English : — 

Restat ut doceam omnia, quae sint in hoc mundo, quibus 
utantur homines, hominum causa facta esse et parata. Prin- 
cipio ipse mundus deorum hominumque causa factus est, quae- 
que in eo sunt, ea parata ad fructum hominum et inventa sunt. 
Est enim mundus quasi communis deorum atque hominum 
domus aut urbs utrorumque. Ut igitur Athenas et Lacedae- 
monem Atheniensium Lacedaemoniorumque causa putandum 
est conditas esse, omniaque, quae sint in his urbibus, eorum 
populorum recte esse dicuntur, sic quaecumque sunt in omni 
mundo deorum atque hominum putanda sunt. 

II. 

Translate into Latin : — 

1. It was the custom x in old times for senators at Rome to 
enter 2 the senate-house 3 attended-by 4 their young 5 sons. The 
mother of Papirius asked 6 her son what-in-the-world 7 the fa- 
thers had been doing 8 in the senate. The boy answered that 
it must be-kept-secret. 9 The woman gets 10 more eager 11 to 
hear. Then the boy resorts-to 12 an ingenious 13 lie. 14 

1 mos. 2 introire. 3 curia. 4 cum. 5 praetextatus. 6 pereontari. 7 quis- 
nam. 8 agere. 9 tacere. 10 fieri. n cupidus. ^ consilium capere (with the 
genitive). *3 festivus. 14 mendacium. 

2. He said that the-discussion-had-been 1 whether it was 

more expedient 2 for one man to have two wives or for one 

woman to have two husbands. 8 The-next-day 4 the matrons 

beg 5 the senate that one woman might rather 6 be-married-to 7 

two men than that two women might have one husband. 

1 agere (passive). 2 utilis. 8 maritus. 4 postridie. 5 obsecrare. 6 potius. 
T nubere. 

9* 



202 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



LATIN GRAMMAR 

Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of the 
following words : custodis, arbores, frigora, gladiolus, in/amis 
(nom.), victricis (ace. plur.), inopis, petitur, perivit, periit, peritus, 
ambitus, apices. 

Decline decus, locus, specus, celeber, quivis ; compare inferus, 
humilis. Form and compare loquax, sanctus. 

Form derivatives with the terminations -tas, -tor, -ensis, -olus, 
-sco, and give their meaning. 

Give the principal parts of sumo, sentio, libet, pateo, potior, 
spondeo, adjuvo, tollo, disco, vereor, facio with con, eo and do 
with re. 

Give a synopsis of the Subjunctive Active and Passive (first 
Person) of two of these verbs not of the same conjugation. Give 
a complete synopsis of one other. Inflect the Imperative of 
patior. Give all the Participles and Infinitives of sentio. 

Explain the formation of the presents gigno and frango, of 
the perfects didici and dixi, and of the participle natus. 

What case or cases (separately or together) follow persuadeo, 
moneo, obliviscor, solvo, vereor, pro?, sub ? 

Translate into Latin, with gerundive (participle in -dus), 
The city must be spared, I must go. 

What construction is used in clauses (or verbs) after timeo, 
gaudeo, dico, audeo ? 

How are future conditions expressed in Latin 1 Express in 
Latin, in as many ways as you can, "Antony came to bury 
(sepelio) Caesar." 

What difference in meaning between utinam sim and utinam 
essem ? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 203 

LATIK — Course I. 
CESAR AND SALLUST. 

Translate two passages, — thejirst and one other. 

I. Quo prcelio bellum Venetorum totiusque orae maritimae 
confectum est. Nam quum omnis juventus, omnes etiam gravio- 
ris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit, eo con- 
venerant, turn navium quod ubique fuerat in unum locum co- 
egerant ; quibus amissis reliqui neque quo se reciperent neque 
quemadmodum oppida defenderent habebant. Itaque se suaque 
omnia Caesari dediderunt. In quos eo gravius Caesar vindican- 
dum statuit, quo diligentius in reliquum tempus a barbaris jus 
legatorum eonservaretur. Itaque omni senatu necato reliquos 
sub corona vendidit. — C^sar, B. G. III. 

II. His rebus permotus Q. Titurius, quum procul Ambiorigem 
suos cohortantem conspexisset, interpretem suum Cn. Pompeium 
ad eum mittit rogatum ut sibi militibusque parcat. Ille appella- 
tus respondit : Si velit secum colloqui, licere ; sperare a multi- 
tudine impetrari posse quod ad militum salutem pertineat ; ipsi 
vero nihil nocitum iri, inque earn rem se suam fidem interponere. 
Ille cum Cotta saucio communicat, si videatur, pugna ut exce- 
dant et cum Ambiorige una colloquantur ; sperare ab eo de sua 
ac militum salute impetrare posse. Cotta se ad armatum hostem 
iturum negat atque in eo constitit. — C^sar, B. G. V. 

III. Atheniensium res gestae, sicut ego aestumo, satis amplae 
magnificaeque fuere, verum aliquanto minores tamen quam fama 
feruntur. Sed quia provenere ibi scriptorum magna ingenia, 
per terrarum orbem Atheniensium facta pro maxumis celebran- 
tur. Ita eorum qui ea fecere virtus tanta habetur, quantum ea 
verbis potuere extollere praeclara ingenia. At populo Romano 
numquam ea copia fuit, quia prudentissumus quisque maxume 
negotiosus erat ; ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat : optu- 
mus quisque facere quam dicere, sua ab aliis bene facta laudari 
quam ipse aliorum narrare malebat. — Sallust, Cat. viii. 

IV. Patres conscripti. Micipsa pater meus moriens mihi 



204 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

preecepit, uti regni Numidiae tantummodo procurationem existu- 
marem meam, ceterum jus et imperium ejus penes vos esse; 
simul eniterer domi militiaeque quam maxumo usui esse populo 
Romano, vos niihi cognatorum, vos affinium loco ducerem ; si ea 
fecissem, in vostra amicitia exercitum, divitias, munimenta regni 
me habiturum. Quae quum praecepta parentis mei agitarem, 
Jugurtha, homo omnium quos terra sustinet sceleratissumus, 
contempto imperio vostro, Masinissae me nepotem et jam ab 
stirpe socium atque amicum populi Romani regno fortunisque 
omnibus expulit. — Sallust, Jug. xiv. 

OVID. 

Translate any one of the following passages : — 
V. Inde loco medius rerum novitate paventem 
Sol oculis juvenem, quibus adspicit omnia, vidit, 
1 Quaeque vise tibi causa 1 Quid hac,' ait, ' arce petisti, 
Progenies, Phaethon, haud infitianda parenti ] ' 
Ille refert : ' lux immensi publica mundi, 
Phoebe pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum, 
Pignora da, genitor, per quae tua vera propago 
Credar, et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris.' 
Dixerat. At genitor circum caput omne micantes 
Deposuit radios, propiusque accedere jussit, 
Amplexuque dato, ' Nee tu meus esse negari 
Dignus es, et Clymene veros,' ait, 'edidit ortus.' — Mett. II. 

VI. Psittacus, Eois imitatrix ales ab Indis, 

Occidit : exsequias ite frequenter aves. 
Ite, pise volucres ; et plangite pectora pennis y 

Et rigido teneras ungue notate genas. 
Horrida pro maestis lanietur pluma capillis : 

Pro longa resonent carmina vestra tuba. 
Quid scelus Ismarii quereris, Philomela, tyrannil 

Expleta est annis ista querela suis. 
Alitis in rarae miserum devertite funus. 

Magna, sed antiqui causi doloris Itys. 
Omnes quae liquido libratis in aere cursus ; 

Tu tamen ante alias, turtur amice, dole. — Am. II. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 205 

VII. Sin autem ad pugnam exierint — nam ssepe duobus 
Regibus incessit magno discordia motu, 
Continuoque animos volgi et trepidantia bello 
Corda licet longe prsesciscere ; namque morantis 
Martius ille seris rauci canor increpat, et vox 
Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum ; 
Turn trepidse inter se co3unt, pennisque coruscant, 
Spiculaque exacuunt rostris, aptantque lacertos, 
Et circa regem atque ipsa ad prsetoria densse 
Miscentur, magnisque vocant clamoribus hostem. 

Vikg. Georg. IV. 

VIII. Ipse, caput nivei fultum Pallantis et ora 
Ut vidit levique patens in pectore volnus 
Cuspidis Ausonise, lacrimis ita fatur obortis : 
Tene, inquit, miserande puer, cum laeta veniret, 
Invidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres 
Nostra, neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas 1 
Non hsec Euandro de te promissa parenti 
Discedens dederam, cum me complexus euntem 
Mitteret in magnum imperium, metuensque moneret 
Acris esse viros, cum dura prcelia gente. — Virg. Mn. XL 



LATIK — Course I. 

CICERO. 

Translate two passages. [If you have read the Cato Major, translate I. 
and either III. or IV. ; if not, translate II. and either III. or IV. Answer 
all the questions.] 

I. An ne eas quidem vires senectuti relinquemus ut adolescen- 
tulos doceat, instituat, ad omne officii munus instruat? Quo 
quidem opere quid potest esse prseclarius 1 Mihi vero Cn. et P. 
Scipiones et avi tui duo, L. iEmilius et P. Africanus, comitatu 
nobilium juvenum fortunati videbantur; nee ulli bonarum artium 
magistri non beati putandi, quamvis consenuerint vires atque 
defecerint. — De Senectute, ix. 29. 



206 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

II. Quid autem aliud egimus, Tubero, nisi ut quod hie potest 
nos possemus 1 Quorum igitur impunitas, Caesar, tuae clemen- 
tiae laus est, eorum ipsorum ad crudelitatem te acuit oratio. 
Atque in hac causa non nihil equidem, Tubero, etiam tuam, sed 
multo magis patris tui prudentiam desidero, quod homo cum 
ingenio turn etiam doctrina excellens genus hoc causae quod 
esset non viderit; nam si vidisset, quovis profecto quam isto 
modo a te agi maluisset. — Pro Ligario, iv. 

III. Tertium genus est aetate jam affectum, sed tamen exer- 
citatione robustum, quo ex genere iste est Manlius, cui nunc 
Catilina succedit : sunt homines ex eis coloniis, quas Sulla con- 
stituit ; quas ego universas civium esse optimorum et fortissi- 
morum virorum sentio, sed tamen ii sunt coloni, qui se in 
insperatis ac repentinis pecuniis sumptuosius insolentiusque 
jactarunt. Hi dum aedificant tamquam beati, dum praediis lectis, 
familiis magnis, conviviis apparatis delectantur, in tantum aes 
alienum inciderunt, ut, si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit eis ab inferis 
excitandus. — In Catilinam, II. ix. 

IV. Quare quis tandem me reprehendat aut quis mihi jure 
succenseat, si, quantum ceteris ad suas res obeundas, quantum 
ad festos dies ludorum celebrandos, quantum ad alias voluptates 
et ad ipsam requiem animi et corporis conceditur temporum, quan- 
tum alii tribuunt tempestivis conviviis, quantum denique alveolo, 
quantum pilae, tantum mihi egomet ad haec studia recolenda 
sumpsero 1 Atque hoc ideo mihi concedendum est magis, quod 
ex his stud iis haec quoque crescit oratio et facultas, quae quan- 
tacumque in me est, numquam amicorum periculis defuit. — 
Pro Archia, vi. 

1. What offices did the Romans generally go through before 
their consulship % 

2. What is the difference between ne and ut non followed by 
the Subjunctive? 

3. What was the fate of Catiline's fellow-conspirators, and 
what complaint was made of it % 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 207 

VIRGIL. 

Translate two passages, — /. and either II. or III. Answer all the questions. 

I. Pauca tameu suberunt priscse vestigia fraudis, 
Quae temptare Thetim ratibus, qua3 cingere muris 
Oppida, quse iubeant telluri infindere sulcos. 
Alter erit turn Tiphys, et altera qu.se vehat Argo 
Delectos heroas ; erunt etiam altera bella, 

Atque iterum ad Troiam magnus mittetur Achilles. 
Hiiic, ubi iam firmata virum te fecerit 83tas, 
Cedet et ipse mari vector, nee nautica pinus 
Mutabit merces : omnis feret omnia tellus. — Ecl. IV. 

II. Postera iamque dies primo surgebat Eoo, 
Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram : 
Cum subito e silvis, macie confecta suprema, 
Ignoti nova forma viri miserandaque cultu 
Procedit supplexque manus ad litora tendit. 
Respicimus. Dira inluvies inmissaque barba, 
Consertum tegumen spinis ; at cetera Graius, 

Et quondam patriis ad Troiam missus in armis. — Mvt. III. 

III. Primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto, 
Alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis 
Threiciis, lato quam circumplectitur auro 
Balteus, et tereti subnectit fibula gemma ; 
Tertius Argolica hac galea contentus abito. 
Hsec ubi dicta, locum capiunt, signoque repente 
Corripiunt spatia audito, limenque relinquunt, 
Effusi nimbo similes, simul ultima signant. — tEn. V. 

1. Give a brief summary of the events in ^Eneid IV. 

2. Divide into feet, marking quantities and ictus (or verse 
accent), the fifth line in I. 

3. How does the metre help to determine the meaning of the 
fifth line in II. 1 



208 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



AKITHMETIC AND LOGAEITHMS. 

[Give the work in full, and arrange it in an orderly manner. Reduce each 
answer to its simplest form. ] 

LOGARITHMS. 

1. Find, by logarithms, the value of 7 . 

/(134 9) 2 X ^"l6\ a 

2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ( ^ 10000 x ^ 49 J- 

3. Give a proof of the process of finding any root of a quan- 
tity by logarithms. If the characteristic of the logarithm of 
the given quantity is negative, how is the characteristic of the 
logarithm of the root obtained 1 



ARITHMETIC. 

5. A carriage, at the rate of 8-| miles an hour, completes £ of 
a certain distance in 3^ days ; in how many days will it com- 
plete f of the same distance, going at the rate of 10 miles an 
hour 1 

6. A merchant buys 2§ hectometres of silk for $480, and 
sells the silk at $ 1.95 a yard. Does he gain or lose, and how 
much 1 ? 

7. Find the cube root of 0.083453453. 

8. Thirty-six persons buy 2766 A. 3 R. 12 P. of land on 
equal shares. What does one man receive, who sells § of his 
share at Is. 9 d. 2 /. per square rod 1 [Give the answer in 
pounds and decimals of a pound.] 

9. What is gold quoted at, when one dollar in currency is 
worth only seventy-five cents? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 209 



ALGEBKA. — Course I. 

[Give the whole work clearly, and reduce each answer to its simplest form.] 

1. Divide 

a ~ b ' c J \a~ b~ c) 

2. A can do a piece of work in half the time in which B can 
do it, B can do it in two thirds the time in which C can do 
it, and all three, working together, can do it in 6 days. Find 
the time in which each can do it alone. 

3. Find the two middle terms in the expansion of (a — xf. 
What is the reason that one of these terms is negative, and the 
other is positive % 

4. Find the fourth root of ^ a 2 c 2 . [Fractional exponents may 
be used if desired.] 

5. One number is -^°- of another, and the product of these 
two numbers is 750. What are the numbers 1 

6. Solve the equations ax -f- by = c, 

mx — ny = d. 

7. I bought a certain number of oxen for £80. Had I 
bought four more with the same money, each ox would have 
cost £ 1 less. How many did I buy, and what did I pay for 
eacM 

8. Find the square root of 

a *m + 6a 8 ™ c" + 11a 2 " 1 c 2 " + 6a m c 8n + c 4 ". 



210 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

ALGrEBKA. — Course II and Advanced Standing. 

[Give the whole work clearly, and reduce each answer to its simplest form.] 



1. Simplify 



•+i _ 2 +^d 



■=I_,+LhI 



2. A man rides a certain distance at the rate of 8 miles an 
hour, and walks back to his starting-point at the rate of 4 miles 
an hour. The time employed in going and returning is 6 hours. 
How far does he walk 1 

3. Divide^ by c^-t. 

d* J 

4. Solve the equation x* + 2ax = b. What will the roots 
be if a = 2, b = —±1 If a = 4, b = — 201 

5. What is the 4th term of (a — xf + 1 1 

6. The greater of two numbers is a 2 times the less; the 
product of these two numbers is b 2 . Find the numbers. 

7. There are 3 numbers in arithmetical progression : the 
sum of these numbers is 18, and the sum of their squares is 
158. Find the numbers. 

8. I have 4 single books and a set of 3 books. In how 
many ways can I arrange these 7 books on a shelf, provided 
the books which make the set cannot be separated? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 211 



PLANE GEOMETBY. — Gwurses I. and II 

1. In a triangle ABC the angle A is greater than the angle 
B, and B is greater than C; what is true of the sides 1 State 
and prove. 

State and prove the converse. 

2. Prove that two triangles are equal if the sides of one are 
respectively equal to the sides of the other. 

3. Prove that when two circumferences touch each other the 
point of contact and the centres lie in one straight line. 

4. Draw two circles touching each other, and through the 
point of contact draw a straight line forming a chord in each 
circle : prove that these chords are proportional to the diameters 
of the circles. 

5. To draw the circumference of a circle through three given 
points. Solve and prove. When would the problem be impos- 
sible 1 Why? 

Given any curve, to ascertain whether it is the arc of a circle 
or not. 

6. Prove that the perimeters of regular polygons of the same 
number of sides are proportional to the diameters of their in- 
scribed or circumscribed circles. Go on to prove that the ratio 
of the circumference to the diameter is the same in all circles. 

7. Draw, in your book, a regular hexagon of which each side 
shall be of this length - - 

Explain how you do it. Now draw another having half the 
area of the first. Solve and prove. 






212 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



SOLID GEOMETKY. — Course II. 

1. Prove that the intersections of two parallel planes with a 
third plane are parallel planes. 

2. Prove that the sum of the line angles that compose a solid 
angle is less than four right angles. 

3. What is the frustum of a pyramid 1 Show how to find 
the convex surface of a regular pyramid. Prove that the sur- 
face of a right circular cone is equal to the product of the slant 
height multiplied by the circumference of a section drawn mid- 
way between the bases. 

4. Given the radius of a sphere : write a formula for its sur- 
face and one for its volume. 

5. What is the segment of a sphere 1 Explain how to find 
the volume of a segment of a sphere having two bases, one each 
side of the centre. 

6. Given a spherical triangle, to draw its polar triangle. What 
relations exist between the sides and angles of a spherical tri- 
angle and those of its polar triangle *? State and prove. 

7. Given a spherical triangle, to draw another symmetrical 
with it on the same sphere. Prove that two symmetrical trian- 
gles on the same sphere have the same area. 

8. What is a regular polyhedron 1 How many are there] 
Give their names, and a brief description of each. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 213 



ANALYTIC GEOMETEY. 

Course II. and Advanced Standing. 

[Ask for a Table of Natural Cosines.] 

1. To find the equation of a straight line that passes through 
two given points. 

2. Find the equation of a line that passes through the origin 
and the point ( — 3, 2). 

3. Find the equation of a line which passes through the 
point (2, — 1) and makes an angle of 45° with the line 
a ? _2y-|-3=:0. 

4. Establish formulas for changing rectangular into polar co- 
ordinates. 

5. Write down the equation of a circle having a radius = 7 
and its centre at (3, — 4). 

6. What curves do these equations represent 1 

9^ + 16 f = 144, 9x 2 — 16y = 144. 

What are the polar equations of these curves 1 Sketch one of 
these curves from its rectangular equation, and the other from its 
polar equation. Find the foci. Find the parameter of each 
curve, and draw it. 

7. Which of the points (4, 2J), (3, — 3J), (3, 3f ), is on the 

curve — + — = 1. Find the equation of the tangent and 
ZiO lo 

that of the normal at this point. Find also the lengths of the 

subtangent and subnormal. 

8. How do you find the points where two curves intersect % 
As an example take these two curves : y 2 z=.ix and x 2 -f- 6x -|- y* 
= 24. What are these curves % Draw them. 



214 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

PLANE TEIGONOMETEY. 

Course II. and Advanced Standing. 

1. The sine of an angle x is greater than the sine of another 
angle y, both angles being in the second quadrant. Compare 
the other trigonometric functions of these angles (cosine with 
cosine, etc.), stating which in each set is numerically the larger. 
Prove your results, either by formulae or by a diagram. 

2. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, the trigonometric 
functions of (360° — y). Given the functions of (180° — y), how 
can those of (180° -|- y) be obtained % 

3. Solve the right triangle in which one angle is 74° 18', and 
the hypothenuse is ^/.01. 

4. What angle in the third quadrant has a cosine equal to 
the sine of 330° 1 

5. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, 

cos (x -f- y) 1 — tan x tan y 

cos (x — y) 1 -\- tan x tan y 

6. Obtain, from the second member of the equation in the 
previous question, an equally simple expression in terms of the 
cotangents of x and y. 

7. Find the smallest angle in the triangle whose sides are 
1236, 1342, 1729. 

8. Obtain the formulae necessary for the complete solution of 
an oblique triangle, in which are given two sides and the in- 
cluded angle. 



EXAMINATION PAPEKS. 215 



ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 

A short English composition is required, correct in spelling, 
punctuation, grammar, and expression. Thirty lines will be 
sufficient. Make at least two paragraphs. 

Subject : — 

The story of the Caskets, in the Merchant of Venice ; 
Or, The story of Shakespeare's Tempest ; 
Or, The story of Rebecca, in Scott's Ivanhoe. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS 

OF OCTOBEK, 1874. 



ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 

N. B. — When you name a place or country, state its position. You may omit 
one of the first three subjects given below, and one of the last three. 

1. Point out some of the causes of the greatness of Sparta 
and of Athens. 

2. "Write in the order of time (with such dates as you re- 
member) the principal events in the Peloponnesian War, and 
show the chief results of that war. 

3. Amphictyonic Council, Ephors, Archons ; Areopagus, 
Pnyx, Agora. Define or describe these. 

4. The death of Demosthenes and the death of Cicero. 

5. The life of C. Julius Caesar. 

6. Laws that are landmarks in Roman history. 



MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

1. State, in detail, what you know about the form and di- 
mensions of the earth. Define the mathematical and geo- 
graphical terms which occur in your statement. 
10 



218 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



2. What is the length in miles of a degree of latitude 1 ? 
Where are the degrees of latitude and of longtitude equal in 
length 1 How do the degrees of longitude differ in length 
among themselves 1 

3. State accurately the zone or zones in which each of the six 
continents lies. 

4. Name eight of the most important of the West India 
Islands, and draw a map to show their relative position. To 
what country does each belong 1 

5. Describe as fully and precisely as possible the position of 
the following cities, stating in what part of the state or country, 
and near what river or other body of water, each one lies : 
Belgrade, Bogota, Bombay, Brest, Carlsruhe, Dantzic, Frankfort 
(in Europe), Montevideo, Montreal, Odessa, Singapore, Tripoli. 
Which of these names suggests some physical feature of the 
neighboring region, or some fact of historical interest connected 
with the settlement of the city ? 

6. What strait or channel lies between Wales and Ireland 1 ? 
Wales and the southern part of England 1 Ireland and Scot- 
land ? Borneo and Celebes 1 Patagonia and Terra del Fuego 1 
Labrador and Greenland 1 Labrador and Newfoundland 1 

7. Why are there large cities at higher latitudes in Europe 
than in America'? 

8. In sailing from New York to Liverpool, at what season of 
the year would you expect to see icebergs % How far south are 
icebergs ever seen in the North Atlantic ? 

9. Describe the drainage systems of North America, and 
name the highlands which bound each of its important river 
basins. Are there any portions of this continent which have 
no outlet for their waters to the sea? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 219 



GEEEK COMPOSITION. 

After the death of Cyrus, the Greeks being despondent (dno- 
pea>), Xenophon called together (ovy/cakeo*) the soldiers, and told 
them that he had seen a vision (Ivinviov) ; in order that he 
might encourage (6appvv<o) them and cause them to cease (nava) 
thinking (lv6vp.kop.ai) what things they had already suffered 
(ird(rxQ>) and were still to suffer, he told them that if they would 
obey (irelBopai) him, he would bring them all through in safety 
(Siao-wC©) to their native land. 



GEEEK GEAMMAE. 

[All Greek words must be written with the accents.] 

1. Give the general rule for accenting nouns (the accent of 
the nominative singular being known). How is accent affected 
by the quantity of the penultimate and final syllables 1 

2. Decline the nouns povo-a, vrja-os, and i\ms in the singular ; 
and fiao-iXevs, in the plural. 

3. Compare the adjectives agios, d\r)0r)s, pucp6s, dyados* 

4. Decline the pronouns Zya> and oo-ns throughout. 

5. Give the principal parts of ypd<f)a>, to-njpi, XapPdvco, 6pda>, 
TiBrjpi. 

6. Inflect the imperfect active of Tipda> and the present opta- 
tive passive of $t\e<o (in the contract forms). Inflect the second 
aorist optative active of ta-Ttjpi. 

7. # What uses of the article 6 are found in Homer which are 
not found in Attic Greek % 

8.* Explain the genitive absolute and the accusative absolute, 
and give an example of the correct use of each. 



220 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

9.* Explain the difference in the meanings of noirjo-ai in (3ov- 
Xerat tovto noiTJaai and (£770-1 tovto notr/crai. 

10.* Give the names of the most common metrical feet of 
two and of three syllables, and show the quantity of the sylla- 
bles in each (by — and ~). Explain the Elegiac distich. 

* Candidates for ADVANCED STANDING will omit 7, 8, 9, and 10, and 
■will answer the following : — 

11. Explain the Attic use of the substantive pronoun of the 
third person (ov, of, etc.), and give an example. 

12. Explain the regular use of the future infinitive. What 
objection can you make to any of the following expressions : 
jSovXerat tovto Troir)o~eiv, — eX7n£« roCro iroirjaew, — vnecrxeTo tovto 
noLTjcreLVy — 6V1 tovto noirjaeiv 1 

13. Why is el tovto 7roir)croL, Tk6oi.pt. av incorrect 1 Write a 
sentence in which el Troi^o-ai shall be correctly used. 

14. Explain the Iambic trimeter of Comedy, showing how 
it differs from that of Tragedy. Explain also the Trochaic 
tetrameter catalectic and the Anapsestic System. 



GEEEK PEOSE. 



[Those offering Greek Reader, take 2, 4, 5. Those offering Anabasis (four 
Books), and Herodotus (Book 7th), take 1, 2, 5. Those offering the whole 
Anabasis, take 1, 2, 3.] 

Translate : — 

1. (Anab. II. III. 11.) Kai evravBa r\v KXeapxov KarapaQelv as 
eneoraTei., ev pev tq dpio-Tepa x €l P l T0 ^°P U *X av > * v ^ T ?7 Se£ta (HaKrq- 
piav Kai ei tis avTa> doKoir] tcov irpos tovto TeTaypevcov (SXaneveiv, eic\e- 
yopevos top eTrn-qdeiov enaiaev av, tta\ apa avros 71 poaeXapfiapep els top 
7777X61/ epfiaivcov coaTe irao-iv alo~xvPT]v elvai prj ov o-vairovba^ew. 

Explain the mood of doKoi'77. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 221 

2. (Anab. III. v. 8, 9; Reader, p. 26.) * Anopovpevois b* atrois 
7rpocreX6d>v tis dvrjp 'Pobtos eirrev. 'Eyeb 6eXa>, a dvbpes, bia(3ifiao~at 
vpas Kara rer paKiax^Xiovs onXiras, av epol fov beopai vttt] perrjarjTe Kal 
rakavTov piaOov TropLo~r}Te. 'EpaTwpevos be otov beoiro- 'Ao-kcdz/, ecf>rj, 
di(r\iXia>v berjaopac 7roXXa be 6pS> ravra 7rpoj3ara Kal aiyas Kal /3oi)s 
Kal ovovs, a dirobapevra Kal <f>vo~r)6evTa pablcos av napexoi rrjv biafiaaiv. 

Explain the mood of beoiro. d7robap.evra, in what voice, mood, 
tense, and from what verb 1 

3. (Anab. VIL II. 18.) 'Eare! b* iyyvs rjo-av aiirov, emrvyxdvei 
irvpols eprjpois' Kal to pep rtparov coero peraKexcoprjKevai 7roi rov 2ev0rjv. 
'Enel be 6opvf$ov re rjaOero Kal arrjpaivovrtdv dXXj^Xois ra>v irepl ^evdrjv, 
Kar'epaBev oti tovtov evena to. nvpa TrpoKemvpeva e'lrj r<5 2ev6r] npo rmv 
WKTO<pv\dK(ov, orrcos ol pev (j)v'KaKes prj opwvro, ev r<» ctkotcl owes, prjb* 
orrov etev, ol be irpoaiovres pfj Xavddvoiev, dXXa bid to (pcos Karacpavels 
eiev. 

4. (Reader, p. 99, 15; Plato, Apol.) eya> p.ev yap 7r6XXaKis 

e6eXa> reSvdvai, el ravr eo-riv akr]6rj' eVei ep,oiye Kal avrat OavpaaTrj 
av etrj f) diaTpifirf avrodi, oirore evri>xoipi TlaXaprjbei ko.1 A'tavri tg> 
TeXapwvos Ka\ ei tis SXXos tq>v naXaiSav dia Kpiaiv abiKov redvrjKeVj 
avTiirapafidWovTi to, epavrov irdOrj npbs to. eKelvcov, as eyco oipat, ovk 
av drjbes e'irf. Kal brj to peyiorov, tovs etcel e^erd^ovra Ka\ epevvavra 
wvTrep tovs evravOa bidyeiv, tis avrwv ao(j)6s eon, Kal tis o'lerai p.ev 
eon o ov. 

5. (Herod. VII. 37; Reader, p. 124, 12.) apprjpkva be ol 6 

fjXios ckXmtw rrjv eK tov ovpavov ebprjv d<fravrjs rjv, ovt einve<peX(ov eov- 
tgjv, aldplrjs re to. pdXio'Ta, dvrl rjpeprjs re vv£ eyevcTO. IdovTi 8e Kal 
paOovTi tovto tw Sep^j/ empeXes eyeveTO, Kal e'ipero tovs Mdyovs, to 
eBeXoi Tpotpalveiv to (f>do-pa. ol be e(f)pa£ov, a>s "EXXrjcri TtpobeiKvvet. 6 
6eos eKXeiyf/iv tcov 7roXla>v, Xeyovres rjXiov eivat, 'EXXfjvav irpobeKTopa^ 
o~eXr)vr)v be a^ecov. nvdopevos be ravra 6 Eep£r)s 7repi)(apr)S eav erroieero 
rf)v eXaatv. 



222 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

GEEEK POETEY. 

Translate : — 

1. Iliad I. 511-516. 

*Qs (fidro- ttjv d* orjrt. irposecfyrj vetpekrjyepera Zevs, 
dXX' aK€CDi> bfjv rj(TTO' Oens 8', cos j^aro yovvav, 
513 ct>s ex €T epirecfivvia, Kai etpero devrepov avris' 

N^/iepres pev 8rj pot xmocrx* Kai Kardvcvcrov, 
7] anoenf ' inel ov rot eVi deos* o(fip y ev «8a>, 
otra-ov eyco pera naaiv aTipordrq 6eos dpi. 

Divide into feet vss. 513, 514. vnoaxco, in what tense, mood, 
voice, and from what verb 1 

2. Iliad II. 308-316. 

evO* e<pdvr) pkya a-^pa* hpaKav liri vara ducfioivos, 
(rpepdaXeos, top p' avrbs 'OXvpmos tjkc <£dcos8ff, 
ficopoi) V7rcu£as, npos pa TikardvioTov opovaev. 
Zv6a §' ecrav orpovdoio veocrcrol, vrjnia tckuo, 
6§co in aKpordra, TreraXois VTroneirrrjaTes. 
oktq), drap prjrrjp ivdrrj rjv, rj renc reKva. 
€v6* oye tovs eXeeiva KarrjcrOie reTpiycoras' 
prjrrjp §' dpfanoraro obvpopkvrj <f)ika reKva- 
rrjv 8* e\e\i£dp€Vos irrepvyos \dj3ev dp<f)iaxviav. 

3. Iliad III. 351-354. 

Zev ava, dbs Ti<racr3ai, 6 pe Trporepos Ka< eopyev, 
dtov y A\e£av8pov, Kai ipfjs viro X € P a ^ ^dpaaaov 
ocppa ris eppiyrjan Kai oy^iyovcuv dvOpcaTrajv, 
£eivo8oKov KaKa pe$ai, o Kev <pikorrjra napdaxV' 









EXAMINATION PAPERS. 223 



LATIN COMPOSITION. 

TRANSLATE INTO LATIN : — 

While 1 this was done 2 where 8 -C8esar-was, Labienus, leaving 4 
the reinforcements 5 which had lately 6 come from Italy, at 
Agedicum, to serve 7 as a guard 8 for the baggage, 9 marches 10 
to Lutetia with four legions. This is a town of the Parisii, 
which is situated n on an island 12 of the river Sequana. His 
arrival 13 being-known 14 by the enemy, large 15 forces 16 assem- 
bled 17 from the neighboring 18 states. 19 The chief-command 20 
is given a to Camulogenus, who, almost 22 disabled ffl by years, 
nevertheless for 24 his unequalled 25 knowledge 26 of the art 27 
military was detailed 28 for 29 this honorable-position. 30 Since 31 
he had observed 32 that there was a marsh m which emptied M 
into the Sequana, he took-his-position M here, and began 36 to 
prevent 37 our men from crossing. 38 

1 Dum. 2 gerere. 3 simply with apud. 4 relinquere. 5 supplementum. 
6 nuper. 7 eS se. 8 presidium. 9 impedimenta. 10 proficisci. u ponere. 
12 insula. 13 adventus. 14 cognoscere. 15 magnns. i6 copiee. W convenire. 
18 finitimus. 19 civitas. 20 summa imperii. 21 tradere. 22 prope. 23 confec- 
tus, 24 propter. 25 singularis. 2 6 scientia. 27 res. 28 evocare. 29 a( j. 
30 honos. 31 cum. 32 animadvertere. 33 palus. & influere. 35 considere. 
36 instituere. ^ prohibere. 38 transitus (substantive). 

Translate into English : — 

Parente P. Sestius natus est, judices, homine, ut plerique me- 
ministis, et sapiente et sancto et severo ; qui cum tribunus 
plebis primus inter homines nobilissimos temporibus optimis 
factus esset, reliquis honoribus non tarn uti voluit quam dignus 
videri. Eo auctore duxit honestissimi et spectatissimi viri, C. 
Albini filiam, ex qua hie est puer et nupta jam filia. 



224 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



LATIN GKAMMAR. 



Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of the 
following : perbrevis (nom. sing.), fidei, arietis, cadaver, collo- 
quor, molimen, peregre, cornicis, idus aprilis (ace. plur.), sentitis r 
ducitis. 

Give the vocative singular of Marcus Tullius Cicero. 

Decline manus (tener) in the proper gender in the plural. 
Decline collis (silvester) in the proper gender. Give the princi- 
pal parts of pango, explico, vincio, vinco, tego, texo, sancio, ton- 
deo, voveo, oportet. Give three ways of forming the perfect stem 
in Latin. Give three ways of forming the present stem in the 
third conjugation. 

Inflect the future indicative and the present subjunctive active 
of volo, eo, domo, sumo. Give the perfect subjunctive active of 
surgo, censeo ; the imperative of ordior ; the participles and in- 
finitives of veto, aperio, obliviscor. 

Compare idoneus, tenax. Compare s&pe. Form a word 
meaning " more watchfully " from vigilo, to watch. Form words 
meaning "belonging to Athens," "homed," "oaken," "an 
effort" (conor), "hardness," "seizure" (rapio). What two con- 
structions follow the comparative degree? What is the rule 
for their use 1 ? How is the degree of difference expressed? 
What is the construction of sententiam in Rogatus est senten- 
tiam ? What case or cases follow proprius, adimo, obsto, ad, in, 
infra, sub, ante, pro ? Give, with examples, three uses of the 
subjunctive in independent clauses. State some cases in which 
there can be an apodosis without any accompanying conditional 
clause. Turn into direct discourse, nisi jur asset, scelus se fac- 
turum arbitrabatur. Explain the mood of jurasset. Why is it 
not either of the other tenses ? 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 225 

LATIN". 
C^SAR AND SALLUST. 

Translate two passages, — the first and one other. 

I. Milites non longiore oratione cohortatus quam uti suae 
pristinse virtu tis memoriam retinerent neu perturbarentur ani- 
mo hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent, quod non longius 
hostes aberant quam quo telum adjici posset, prcelii commit- 
tendi signum dedit. Atque in alteram partem item cohortandi 
causa profectus pugnantibus occurrit. Temporis tanta fuit exi- 
guitas hostiumque tarn paratus ad dimicandum animus, ut non 
modo ad insignia accommodanda, sed etiam ad galeas induen- 
das scutisque tegimenta detrudenda tempus defuerit. — CiESAR, 
B. G. II. 

II. Primum omnium, qui ubique probro atque petulantia 
maxume prsestabant, item alii per dedecora patrimoniis amissis, 
postremo omnes, quos flagitium aut facinus domo expulerat, ii 
Romam sicut in sentinam confluxerant. Deinde multi memores 
Sullanse victorise, quod ex gregariis militibus alios senatores 
videbant, alios ita divites ut regio victu atque cultu setatem 
agerent, sibi quisque si in armis foret ex victoria talia sperabat. 
Prseterea juventus, quse in agris manuum mercede inopiam 
toleraverat, privatis atque publicis largitionibus excita urbanum 
otium ingrato labori praetulerat ; eos atque alios omnes malum 
publicum alebat. — Sallust, Cat. xxxvii. 

III. Civitatibus maxima laus est quam latissime circum se 
vastatis finibus solitudines habere. Hoc proprium virtutis ex- 
istimant, expulsos agris finitimos cedere neque quemquam prope 
audere consistere : simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur repen- 
tinae incursionis timore sublato. Quum bellum civitas aut 
illatum defendit aut infert, magistratus qui ei bello prsesint ut 
vitse necisque habeant potestatem deliguntur. In pace nullus 
est communis magistratus, sed principes regionum atque pago- 
rum inter suos jus dicunt controversiasque minuunt. — C^sar, 
B. G. VI. 

10* o 



226 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

OVID. 

Translate one passage. 

IV. Haud procul Hennseis lacus est a moenibus altse, 
Nomine Pergus, aquae. Non illo plura Caystros 
Carmina cygnorum labentibus audit in undis. 
Silva coronat aquas, cingens latus omne, suisque 
Frondibus, ut velo, Phoebeos submovet ignes. 
Frigora dant rami, varios humus humida flores ; 
Perpetuum ver est. Quo dum Proserpina luco 
Ludit, et aut violas aut Candida lilia carpit ; 
Dumque puellari studio calathosque sinumque 
Implet, et sequales certat superare legendo ; 
Psene simul visa est, dilectaque, raptaque Diti : 
Usque adeo est properatus amor. — Mett. V. 

V. Ille inter csedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros 
Confugere, et Turni defendier hospitis armis. 
Ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis ; 
Regem ad supplicium preesenti Marte reposcunt. 
His ego te, ^Enea, ductorem milibus addam. 
Toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes, 
Signaque ferre iubent ; retinet longaevus haruspex 
Fata canens : Mseonise delecta iuventus, 
Flos veterum virtusque virum, quos iustus in hostem 
Fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira, 
Nulli fas Italo tantam subiungere gentem : 
Externos optate duces. — Virg. ^En. VIII. 



LATIK — Course I. 

CICERO. 

Translate two passages. [If you have read the Cato Major, translate I. 
and either III. or IV. ; if not, translate II. and either III. or IV. Answer 
all the questions.'] 

I. Vixerat M'. Curius cum P. Decio, qui quinquennio ante 
eum consulem se pro re publica quarto consulatu devoverat : 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 227 

norat eumdem Fabricius, norat Coruncanius : qui quum ex sua 
vita tum ex eius, quern dico, Decii facto iudicabant esse profecto 
aliquid natura pulcrum atque preeclarum quod sua sponte pe- 
teretur quodque spreta et contempta voluptate optimus quisque 
sequeretur. — Cato Major XIII. 43. 

II. Res erat minime obscura : eteuim palam dictitabat, con- 
sulatum Miloni eripi uon posse, vitam posse. Significavit hoc 
ssepe in senatu : dixit in contione. Quinetiam Favonio, fortis- 
simo viro, quserenti ex eo, qua spe fureret, Milone vivo, respon- 
dit, triduo ilium, ad summum quatriduo, periturum : quam 
vocem ejus ad hunc M. Catonem statim Favonius detulit. — 
Pro Milone IX. 26. 

III. Quare, cum et bellum ita necessarium sit, ut negligi non 
possit; ita magnum, ut accuratissime sit administrandum ; et 
cum ei imperatorem prseficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli 
scientia, singularis virtus, clarissima auctoritas, egregia fortuna ; 
dubitabitis, Quirites, quin hoc tantum boni, quod vobis a Diis 
immortalibus oblatum et datum est, in rempublicam conservan- 
dam atque amplificandam conferatis 1 — Pro Lege Man ilia 
XVI. 49. 

IV. Cum facile exorari, Caesar, tum semel exorari, soles. 
Nemo unquam te placavit inimicus, qui ullas resedisse in te 
simultatis reliquias senserit. Quanquam cui sunt inauditee 
cum Deiotaro querelse tuse 1 ? Nunquam tu ilium accusavisti, 
ut hostem, sed ut amicum officio parum functum, qubd propen- 
sior in Cn. Pompeii amicitiam fuisset, quam in tuam. Cui 
tamen ipsi rei veniam te daturum fuisse dicebas, si tantum 
auxilia Pompeio, vel si etiam nlium misisset, ipse excusatione 
setatis usus esset. — Pro Rege Deiotaro III. 9. 

1. State concisely the circumstances and subject of any one 
of Cicero's Orations against Catiline. 

2. Explain the use of the moods in indirect discourse. 

3. What does Cicero usually mean by Asia and Gallia 2 



228 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

VIRGIL. 

Translate two passages, — IT. and either I. or III. Answer all the ques- 
tions. 

I. C. Muscosi fontes et somno mollior herba, 
Et quae vos rara viridis tegit arbutus umbra, 
Solstitiuni pecori defendite ; iam venit aestas 
Torrida, iam lseto turgent in palmite gemmae. 

T. Hie focus et taedae pingues, hie plurimus ignis 
Semper, et adsidua postes fuligine nigri ; 
Hie tantum Borese curamus frigora, quantum 
Aut numerum lupus, aut torrentia numina ripas. 

Ecl. VII. 45-52. 

II. Anna, vides toto properari litore 1 Circum 
Undique convenere ; vocat iam carbasus auras, 
Puppibus et laeti nautae inposuere coronas. 
Hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, 

Et perferre, soror, potero. Miserae hoc tamen unum 
Exsequere, Anna, niihi ; solam nam perfidus ille 
Te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus ; 
Sola viri mollis aditus et tempora noras ; 
I, soror, atque hosteni supplex adfare superbum : 

Ms. IV. 416-424. 

III. Turn contra Iuno ; Terrorum et fraudis abunde est : 
Stant belli caussse : pugnatur comminus armis ; 
Quae fors prima dedit, sanguis novus imbuit arma. 
Talia coniugia et talis celebrent hymenseos 
Egregium Veneris genus et rex ipse Latinus. 

Te super eetherias errare licentius auras 
Haud Pater ille velit, summi regnator Olympi. 
Cede locis. Ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, 
Ipsa regam. Talis dederat Saturnia voces. 

tEn. VII. 552-560. 

1. Give a brief summary of the events in iEneid III. 

2. Divide into feet, marking the quantities and ictus of every 
foot, the second and fifth lines in II. 

3. How does the metre help to determine the meaning of the 
second line in 1. 1 



HI 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 229 

AEITHMETIC AND LOGAEITHMS. 
LOGARITHMS. 

1. Find, by logarithms, the value of \/ (1.06) 5 . 

2 f 444 4 

2. Find, by logarithms, the value of Q ^ — 0001 • 

3. If the base of a system of logarithms is 8, between what 
integers does the logarithm of 9 lie ? of 90 1 of 900 ? 

ARITHMETIC. 

. t,. , , .0.5 X 0.006 _ I of ^ of (f) 3 

4. Find the sum of ^^yp and ^6 + 0.625 ' 

5. Obtain the answer to the first question on this paper with- 
out using logarithms. 

6. Three men contract to do a piece of work for $ 8,775. 
The first man employs 20 men, 24 days, 10 hours a day; the 
second 25 men, 20 days, 12 hours a day ; the third 30 men, 25 
days, 9 hours a day. How much should each of the three con- 
tractors receive 1 

7. What circulating decimal is equivalent to the sum of J, ^, 
and^? 

8. A man buys 454 bushels of wheat for $ 3 a bushel, and 
sells the wheat at $8.75 a hectolitre. How much does he 
gain] 

(Litre == 0.908 quart, dry measure.) 

9. If 2 A. SB. 4 P. be multiplied by 2f, what part is the 
product of 15 A. 1 B. 2 PA 

10. If a grocer's scales give only 15 oz. 4 dr. for a pound, out 
of how much money is a customer cheated who buys sugar to 
the amount of $ 55.04 ? 



230 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



ALGEBKA. 

1. Find the greatest common divisor of 2a?-\-x — 1, a? 2 -}- 5 a? 
-f- 4, and x 8 -\- 1. (Obtain the result, if possible, by separating 
each polynomial into its prime factors.) 

2. Find the simplest expression for 

1 +.z 1 — x 2 

1 _|_# + ^+ i _^_|_^~" i + & + &- 

3. A number consists of two digits. If 9 be added to the 
number, the digits are inverted \ and the sum of the number 
thus formed and of the original number is 33. Find the digits. 

4. If n be divided into two parts, prove that the difference 
of the squares of the parts equals n times the difference of the 
parts. 

5. Find the square root of # 4 + 2 x 8 — x + J. 

6. Given - ,"*". = ~V, a is 4. Find the value of n. 

3 n + 69 a **' 3 

h « -, . x-\-2 4 — x . 7 

7. feolve the equation — ! — =■ = — j- — . 

X — 1 Ax Z 

8. A cistern is filled by two pipes in 2h. 55 m. The larger 
pipe will fill the cistern, by itself, in two hours less time than 
the smaller pipe will fill it. In what time will each pipe fill 
the cistern? 

9. The cube root of a number is twice the square root. Find 
the number. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 231 



ALGEBKA. — Course II. and Advanced Standing. 

1. The sum of the two digits which form a number is 9, and 
if the number be divided by the sum of the digits the quotient 
is 5. Find the number. 

1 2 

2. Solve the equation — ^ — ^— = |. 

3. A merchant bought a certain number of pieces of silk for 
£180. Had he received three more pieces for the same money, 
each piece would have cost £3 less. How many pieces did he 
buy) 

4. Obtain the equation whose roots are m-\-n and m-~n. 
What form will the equation take if m = n 1 

5. The first term of an Arithmetical Progression is 5, the 
last term is 302, the common difference is 3. Find the number 
of terms. 



6. Solve the equation \/#-|-4 — \/ # = \/ # + §. 



7. Find the first five terms of \/ 1 + x by the Binomial The- 
orem. 

8. In the Geometric Progression, a, b, . . . find the sum of an 
infinite number of terms. 

9. Out of 12 consonants and 5 vowels how many words can 
be formed, each containing 3 consonants and 2 vowels 1 






232 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



PLANE GEOMETEY. 



1. Two sides of one triangle are respectively equal to two 
sides of another triangle, but the angles included by these sides 
are not equal. What is true of the third sides? State and 
prove. State the converse theorem. Is it true? 

2. The area of a triangle. State and prove. 

3. Prove that the areas of two rectangles are proportional to 
the products of their bases by their altitudes. 

4. The radius of a given circle is ten inches; what is the 
radius of a circle having twice the area of the given circle 1 of 
a circle having one half the area of the given circle 1 

5. State and prove the Pythagorean theorem. 

6. Given the base, the altitude, and one of the angles at the 
base of a triangle, to construct the triangle. 

7. Prove that two triangles are similar, if an angle of one 
equals an angle of the other, and the sides which include these 
angles are proportional. 

8. A perpendicular drawn from any point of a semi-circum- 
ference upon the diameter is a mean proportional between what 1 
State and prove. 



SOLID GEOMETEY. 

1. Two planes are perpendicular to each other, and a straight 
line is drawn in one of them perpendicular to their intersection ; 
prove that this straight line is perpendicular to the other plane. 

2. Two planes are perpendicular to each other, and through 
any point of one is drawn a straight line perpendicular to the 
other : prove that this straight line lies wholly in the first plane. 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 233 

3. Prove that if a solid angle is formed by three plane angles, 
the sum of either two of these angles is greater than the third. 

4. Prove that sections of a pyramid made by parallel planes 
are similar polygons whose areas are proportional to the squares 
of their distances from the vertex. 

5. Prove that two pyramids which have equal bases and alti- 
tudes are equivalent. Why not say equal ? 

6. Prove that a triangular pyramid is a third part of a tri- 
angular prism of the same base and altitude. Deduce from this 
a rule for finding the volume of any pyramid or cone. 

7. How large a part of the surface of a sphere is covered by 
a spherical triangle whose angles are 90°, 150°, 132° % 

8. What is a regular polyhedron? How many are there? 
Give their names and a brief description of each. 



ANALYTIC GEOMETBY. 

[Ask for Trigonometric Tables.] 

1. What are Rectangular Co-ordinates ? Polar Co-ordinates ? 

2. Lay down a few points of, and then draw the curves rep- 
resented by, these equations : — 

(i.) 7cc 2 — 16?/ 2 =112, 

What are these curves 1 

3. The centre of a circle is at the point ( — 2, 0) and its 
radius = 5 ; what is its equation 1 

4. Define the Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola. 

5. From its definition deduce the rectangular equation of the 
parabola. 



234 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 

6. Given the equation of a parabola y 2 = 6 x ; what is the 
distance from the origin to the focus 1 Transform this equation 
to a set of axes throiigh the focus. What does the new equa- 
tion represent 2 Transform it to polar co-ordinates. Illustrate 
by a diagram. 

7. Is the point (2, 1) on the straight line x — 3y-f-l=0? 
Why? 

8. Find the equation of a straight line passing through (2, 1) 
and perpendicular to the line x — 3 y -J- 1 = 0. Draw both 
lines. 

9. In what point do the straight lines x — 3 3/ — j— 1 == and 
#+7> + ll = intersect 1 

10. Find the angle between the two straight lines given in 
the last question. 



PLANE TEIGONOMETEY. 

Course II. and Advanced Standing. 

1. The cosine of an angle in the first quadrant is 0.7. Find, 
either by formulae or by tables, the sine of half that angle. 

2. What is the sine of 240°? The. cosine of 300°? The 
tangent of 225° % The secant of 150° % 

3. One angle of a plane triangle is 64° 18', and the other 
angles are equal. The greatest side is 10. Solve the triangle. 

4. Find the trigonometric functions of (270° — y). 

5. Prove that the sides of a plane triangle are proportional 
to the sines of the opposite angles. 

6. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, 

cot y cot x -f- 1 



cot (x — y) = 



cot y — cot x 



EXAMINATION PAPERS. 235 

7. Two sides of a plane triangle are 4, 6, and the included 
angle is 38° 54='. Solve the triangle. 

8. One side of a plane triangle is double another, and the 
third side equals one half the sum of the other two. Find the 
largest angle. 



ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 

A short English composition is required, correct in spelling, 
punctuation, grammar, and expression. Thirty lines will be 
sufficient. Make at least two paragraphs. 

Subject : — 

The Trial Scene, in the Merchant of Venice ; 
Or, The Story of Brutus, in Shakespeare's Julius Csesar ; 
Or, The Passage of Arms at Ashby, in Ivanhoe. 



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